Castrato (English spelling) castrato Italian

Japanese: カストラート - かすとらーと(英語表記)castrato イタリア語
Castrato (English spelling) castrato Italian

A male singer who was castrated to preserve the voice of his boyhood. His larynx remains the same as that of a boy, but his lungs become those of an adult, giving him a strong resonance, a distinctive voice quality, and a very wide range. Records of castrati date back to the Papal Chapel in 1562, but their heyday was in the first century, from about 1650, with Farinelli (1705-82) being the most famous. Castrati often appeared in opera seria, but were rarely used in comic operas. Mozart's operas Idomeneo and La Clemenza di Titus contain roles for castrati. The Pope banned castrati in 1903. The last castrati was Alessandro Moreschi (1858-1922), whose voice is recorded.

[Yoshio Miyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

少年時の声を大人になっても保つために去勢した男性歌手。喉頭(こうとう)は少年時代のままであるが、肺は成人の肺になるため、強く張った響き、特有の声質、非常に広い声域をもつ。カストラートに関する記録は、1562年のローマ教皇庁礼拝堂にまでさかのぼるが、全盛期は1650年ごろから1世紀で、ファリネッリFarinelli(1705―82)がもっとも有名である。カストラートはオペラ・セリアにしばしば登場したが、喜劇的オペラにはまれにしか用いられなかった。モーツァルトのオペラ『イドメネオ』『ティトゥス帝の慈悲』にはカストラートのための役がある。ローマ教皇は1903年にカストラートを禁止した。最後のカストラートはモレスキAlessandro Moreschi(1858―1922)で、彼の声はレコードに記録されている。

[美山良夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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