Deep earthquake

Japanese: 深発地震 - しんぱつじしん
Deep earthquake

An earthquake with a depth of several tens of kilometers. Earthquakes deeper than 60-70 kilometers are sometimes called moderately deep earthquakes, and earthquakes deeper than 300 kilometers are called deep earthquakes. Most deep earthquakes occur within the subducted plate (slab) (intraslab earthquakes), and are shallow on the trench side of the archipelago and deeper toward the continent, showing the shape of the ocean plate subducting from the trench. The deepest earthquake is about 650 kilometers deep. Kiyo Wadachi discovered deep earthquakes in the 1920s and clarified the characteristics of their distribution in the 1930s. Deep earthquakes rarely cause damage because of their deep epicenters, but large earthquakes such as the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake (100 kilometers deep, magnitude 7.5) can cause casualties.

[Kunihiko Shimazaki]

[References] | Trench | Arch archipelago | Earthquake | Epicenter | Plate tectonics | Kiyoo Wadachi

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

震源の深さが数十キロメートル以上の地震。60~70キロメートルより深い地震をやや深発地震、300キロメートルより深い地震を深発地震と分ける場合もある。深発地震は沈み込んだプレート(スラブ)の中で発生するもの(スラブ内地震)がほとんどで、弧状列島の海溝側で浅く、大陸側に向かうにつれて深く分布し、海溝から沈み込む海のプレートの形状を表している。もっとも深い地震でも深さ650キロメートル程度である。和達清夫(わだちきよお)は1920年代に深発地震を発見し、1930年代にその分布形状の特徴を明らかにした。深発地震はその震源が深いため、被害が出ることはまれだが、1993年(平成5)の釧路沖地震(震源の深さ100キロメートル、マグニチュード7.5)のように規模が大きい場合には犠牲者を生じることもある。

[島崎邦彦]

[参照項目] | 海溝 | 弧状列島 | 地震 | 震源 | プレートテクトニクス | 和達清夫

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