spandex

Japanese: スパンデックス
spandex

A highly elastic fiber. It is a block copolymer consisting of flexible, low-melting soft segments and high-melting hard segments that connect them together to give it great extensibility and recovery like vulcanized rubber. There are many possible combinations, but currently, spandex on the market uses urethane blocks of polyether or polyester for the soft segments and aromatic urea blocks for the hard segments. The bonds between the molecules are either hydrogen bonds formed by urethane or chemically networked structures. As described above, there are many different methods for manufacturing spandex, and the raw materials are not fixed. The main method is to bond initial linear intermediate polymers containing polyurethane, which become the flexible segments, with a chain growth agent to obtain a large linear or network-like polymer. The polymerization reaction to obtain the polymer takes place during the spinning process or in post-treatment after fiber formation. The elasticity of spandex is similar to that of natural rubber thread, but it has many advantages over natural rubber thread. It is superior to rubber thread in terms of cleaning resistance, weather resistance, chemical resistance, dyeability, and heat processing.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

伸縮性の大きい弾性繊維.加硫ゴムのように大きな伸長性と回復性をもたせるため,分子内に屈曲性の低融点の柔らかいセグメントと,これらを結びつける高融点の硬いセグメントからなるブロック共重合物である.そのような組合せは多数考えられるが,現在,市場にでているスパンデックスは柔らかいセグメントにポリエーテル,ポリエステルのウレタンブロックを用い,硬いセグメントに芳香族尿素ブロックを用いている.分子間の結合か所はウレタンによる水素結合などが形成されるか,化学的網目状構造が形成される.このようにスパンデックスの製造方法は種々さまざまであり,したがって原料も一定していない.おもに考えられるのは,屈曲性セグメントになるポリウレタン含有初期線状中間ポリマーを鎖成長剤によって結合させ,線状または網目状の巨大ポリマーを得る方法である.ポリマーを得る重合反応は,紡糸工程中,繊維形成後の後処理において行われる.スパンデックスの伸縮性は天然ゴム糸に類似しているが,これよりすぐれた点が多い.耐クリーニング性,耐候性,耐薬品性,染色性,熱加工性においてゴム糸よりすぐれている.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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