Shinden Village - Shinden Village

This refers to settlements that were established in reclaimed land as new fields were developed during the Edo period. Roads were constructed and the land allotments for farmland and house sites were systematically planned, which resulted in regular settlement patterns. In murauke shinden, branches of so-hyakusho (general farmers) developed new fields to become takamochi (high-ranking farmers), and branch villages were formed after separating from the parent village. In Japan, where development has focused on rice paddy development, wasteland and low-lying marshes with poor water supplies were left undeveloped, but in the Edo period, these were rapidly developed and shinden settlements were established. In the Musashino Plateau, development began with the development of civil engineering technology during the Edo period, and new fields were developed with the digging of communal wells and the opening of water diversion channels for the Tamagawa Aqueduct and Nobidome Irrigation Canal, and settlements with the name of such and such shinden were formed in the form of towns and villages with narrow strips of cultivated land behind them, facing the streets.

[Eiichi Nakata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代の新田開発に伴い、開拓地に成立した集落をいい、道路の開設や耕作地、屋敷地の地割を計画的に行い、このため集落形態も規則的となった。村請(むらうけ)新田では、惣(そう)百姓の分家が高持(たかもち)百姓となるために新田を開発し、親村から分かれて子村を形成した。水田開発を主軸として開かれてきたわが国土では、水利の悪い荒蕪(こうぶ)地や低湿地は未開拓のまま取り残されてきたが、江戸時代に入り急速に開かれ、新田集落の成立をみた。江戸時代、土木技術の発達に伴って開発が始まった武蔵野(むさしの)台地では、共同井戸の掘削、玉川上水や野火止(のびどめ)用水などの分水の開削により新田開発が進み、街路に面し、背後に短冊型の耕地をもつ街村形態の、何々新田の名をもつ集落の形成をみた。

［中田榮一］

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