Elaidic acid (English spelling)

Japanese: エライジン酸 - えらいじんさん(英語表記)elaidic acid
Elaidic acid (English spelling)

It is a type of unsaturated linear carboxylic acid. It is a geometric isomer of oleic acid and has the structure of trans-9-octadecenoic acid ( Figure ).

When oleic acid is heated to 150-200°C with a small amount of selenium, isomerization of the double bonds occurs to produce elaidic acid (elaidinization).

White waxy crystals are obtained by recrystallization from ethanol (ethyl alcohol). It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol and ether. It becomes stearic acid when reduced with hydrogen iodide and red phosphorus. Glyceride of elaidic acid is called elaidin. It is a typical trans fatty acid, and if consumed in large quantities, it is said to increase bad LDL cholesterol and raise the risk of heart disease. Since the 2000s, an increasing number of countries have imposed regulations such as requiring the labeling of trans fatty acid content in foods and restricting their use. In Japan, the average intake of trans fatty acids is lower than the upper limit recommended by the WHO (less than 1.0% of total calorie intake), and is not currently subject to regulations.

[Masahiro Hirota]

[References] | Carboxylic acids | Trans fatty acids [Supplementary information] | Elaidic acid (Data Note)
Elaidic acid (diagram)
©Shogakukan ">

Elaidic acid (diagram)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鎖式不飽和カルボン酸の一つ。オレイン酸の幾何異性体でトランス-9-オクタデセン酸の構造をもつ()。

 オレイン酸を少量のセレンとともに150~200℃に加熱すると、二重結合の異性化がおこりエライジン酸を生成する(エライジン化)。

 エタノール(エチルアルコール)からの再結晶により白色ろう状の結晶が得られる。水には溶けないが、エタノール、エーテルなどに溶ける。ヨウ化水素と赤リンで還元するとステアリン酸になる。エライジン酸のグリセリドをエライジンとよぶ。代表的なトランス脂肪酸であり、多量に摂取すると悪玉のLDLコレステロールを増加させ心臓疾患のリスクを高めるといわれ、2000年代になって食品のトランス脂肪酸含有量の表示を義務づけたり、使用を制限するなどの規制をする国が増えている。日本ではトランス脂肪酸の平均摂取量はWHO勧告の上限値(全摂取カロリーの1.0%未満)より低く、現在は規制の対象となっていない。

[廣田 穰]

[参照項目] | カルボン酸 | トランス脂肪酸[補完資料] | エライジン酸(データノート)
エライジン酸〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

エライジン酸〔図〕


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