Ye - Gyo

A place name in the west of Linzhang County in the southern part of Hebei Province, China. It is said that Duke Huan of Qi (reigned 685-643 BC) first built a castle here during the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Warring States Period, it came under the control of Wei, and irrigation projects were promoted by Ximen Bao, the governor of Ye. Later, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the warlords Yuan Shao and Cao Cao (155-220), who defeated him, successively based themselves in Ye, and it was during Cao Cao's time that a large-scale capital city was operated. Both the Wei and Western Jin dynasties had their capitals in Luoyang, but during the Five Barbarians and Sixteen Kingdoms period, Shi Hu of Later Zhao, Ran Min of Wei, and Murong Jun of Former Yan again based their bases in Ye. After that, with the division of the Northern Wei dynasty, the Eastern Wei and then the Northern Qi made Ye their capitals, and they confronted the Western Wei and Northern Zhou dynasties based in Chang'an. This was the period when Ye was at its most prosperous, and after the Northern Qi was destroyed by the Northern Zhou in 577, it lost its function as a city.

[Shiro Sekio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、河北(かほく／ホーペイ)省南部、臨漳(りんしょう)県西方の地名。春秋時代に斉(せい)の桓公(かんこう)（在位前685～前643）がここに初めて城を築いたという。戦国時代には魏(ぎ)の支配下に入り、鄴令の西門豹(せいもんひょう)によって灌漑(かんがい)事業が推進された。その後、後漢(ごかん)末には群雄の袁紹(えんしょう)と彼を倒した曹操(そうそう)（155～220）が続けて鄴に拠(よ)ったが、とくに曹操の時代には大規模な都城が経営された。魏と西晋(せいしん)はともに洛陽(らくよう)に都を置いたが、五胡(ごこ)十六国時代には、後趙(こうちょう)の石虎(せきこ)、魏の冉閔(ぜんびん)、および前燕(ぜんえん)の慕容儁(ぼようしゅん)などがふたたび鄴を拠点とした。その後も北魏の分裂に伴い、東魏、続いて北斉が鄴を都として、長安に拠った西魏や北周と鋭く対峙(たいじ)したが、このころが鄴のもっとも繁栄した時期で、577年、北斉が北周に滅ぼされてからは都市としての機能を喪失していった。

［關尾史郎］

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