A physical examination of a person in criminal proceedings. It carries a high risk of violating human rights, and is regulated separately from general physical examinations. It can be carried out by a court (Articles 131-140 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) or by an investigative agency (Articles 218-220, 222 of the same Code). In the former case, the court issues a decision and summons the person to be examined. If a person refuses to appear or submit to a physical examination without a valid reason, direct coercion is permitted, as well as indirect coercion such as fines, compensation for expenses, and criminal punishment. When carried out by an investigative agency, a warrant for a physical examination issued by a judge is required as a general rule. Direct coercion to make a person appear is not permitted, but direct coercion is permitted for a physical examination. When carrying out such examinations, it is required that methods be adopted that take into full consideration the gender and health condition of the examinee. In particular, a doctor or an adult female must be present during physical examinations of women. Furthermore, when necessary for an appraisal, physical examinations may be carried out with a written authorization for appraisal issued by a court (or a judge) (Articles 168 and 225 of the same law). However, direct coercion is not permitted, so when direct coercion is necessary, a physical examination warrant is also issued and direct coercion is used for the physical examination. [Oide Yoshitomo] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
刑事訴訟手続上の人の身体を対象とした検証。人権侵害の危険性が高く、検証一般とは別に規律されている。裁判所が行う場合(刑事訴訟法131条~140条)と捜査機関が行う場合(同法218条~220条、222条)がある。前者の場合には、裁判所が決定のうえ、被検者を召喚して行う。正当な理由なく出頭や身体検査を拒むと、過料、費用賠償、それに刑罰といった間接強制だけでなく、直接強制も許される。捜査機関が行う場合には、原則として裁判官の発する身体検査令状を必要とする。出頭させるための直接強制は認められていないが、身体検査については直接強制も許されている。 実施にあたっては、被検者の性別、健康状態等に十分留意した方法等をとるよう要求されている。とくに、女子の身体検査には、医師または成年の女子を立ち会わせなければならない。また、鑑定に必要な場合にも、裁判所(あるいは裁判官)の鑑定処分許可状によって身体の検査を行うことができる(同法168条、225条)。ただし、直接強制は許されていないので、直接強制が必要な場合には、あわせて身体検査令状の発布も受け、身体検査の直接強制を利用するということが行われている。 [大出良知] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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