The term "Vedanta" refers to the Upanishads, and the school recognized the absolute authority of the Upanishads and aimed to unify their interpretation and systematization. However, once the tradition of the school was established, it called not only the Upanishads but also the Bhagavad-gita and the Brahma-sūtra together the "Three Systems" (Prasthānatraya) and regarded them as fundamental texts. The development of the school after the creation of the Brahma-Sutra is not entirely clear, but there are about ten scholars who were active in the 300 years leading up to the emergence of Shankara in the first half of the 8th century, and their works are still extant. These include Bhartrihari (late 5th century), who introduced Vedanta philosophy to grammar; Gaudapada (c. 640-c. 690), who was strongly influenced by Buddhism; Govinda (c. 670-c. 720), his student and said to have been Shankara's teacher; and Maṇḍanamiśra (c. 670-c. 720), who preached ad-dualism, a different position from Shankara's. Shankara, who is thought to have been a contemporary of Mandana, wrote commentaries on the Brahma-Sutra from the standpoint of a new ad-dualism, and became the founder of the most influential ad-dualism school of the Vedanta school. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Govinda" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…〈ベーダーンタ〉という語はウパニシャッドを指し,ウパニシャッドに絶対的権威を認め,その統一的解釈と体系化を目ざしたが,学派の伝統が確立すると,ウパニシャッドのみならず,《バガバッドギーター》と《ブラフマ・スートラ》をも併せて,〈三つの体系(プラスターナトラヤPrasthānatraya)〉と呼び,基本的な文献と見なした。 《ブラフマ・スートラ》成立後の学派の展開は必ずしも明確ではないが,8世紀前半のシャンカラの出現に至るまでのおよそ300年間に活躍した学者の名前が10名ほどあり,その著作も現存している学者に,文法学にベーダーンタ哲学を導入したバルトリハリ(5世紀後半),仏教の影響を強く受けたガウダパーダ(640ころ‐690ころ),その弟子でシャンカラの師と伝えられるゴービンダGovinda(670ころ‐720ころ),シャンカラとは立場を異にする不二一元論を説いたマンダナミシュラMaṇḍanamiśra(670ころ‐720ころ)がいる。マンダナの同時代の後輩であったと思われるシャンカラは新しい不二一元論の立場から《ブラフマ・スートラ》の注釈を著し,ベーダーンタ学派中最も有力な不二一元論派の開祖となった。… ※「Govinda」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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