Air Pollution Control Law - Taikiosenboushiho

Japanese: 大気汚染防止法 - たいきおせんぼうしほう
Air Pollution Control Law - Taikiosenboushiho

This law regulates the emission of smoke and dust from factories and business establishments, promotes the implementation of measures against harmful air pollutants, and sets permissible limits for exhaust gas from automobiles, thereby preventing air pollution and providing for the payment of damages to victims of air pollution without fault. Law No. 97 of 1968. The predecessor to this law was the Law Concerning the Control of Smoke Emissions (Law No. 146 of 1962), but it was amended to become the current law as air pollution became more serious (the no-fault liability provision was introduced in 1972). Since then, the Air Pollution Control Law has been amended to regulate the total amount of sulfur oxides, prevent the dispersion of asbestos during the demolition of buildings, regulate the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc.

The Air Pollution Control Act stipulates emission regulations based on emission standards for soot and smoke, etc. (Articles 3 and following), total quantity regulations which aim to reduce air pollution in a certain area by reducing the total amount of soot and smoke, etc. (Articles 5-2 and following), regulations on dust (Articles 18 and following), promotion of measures against harmful air pollutants (Articles 18-20 and following), permissible limits for automobile exhaust gases and requests by prefectural governors in cases where these limits are exceeded (Articles 19 and following), and no-fault liability for damages (Articles 25 and following).

As for laws related to preventing air pollution, the Automobile Emission Total Emission Reduction Law was enacted in 1992 to regulate exhaust gases. This law was amended in 2001 to strengthen regulations on nitrogen oxides and to include new regulations on emissions of suspended particulate matter (SPM, air pollutants with a diameter of 12 micrometers or less). A further amendment was made in 2007 to designate priority areas for emission regulations. As for dioxins, minimizing emissions from waste treatment facilities was deemed one of the most important measures, and the Law on Special Measures for Dioxins was enacted in 1999.

[Takahisa Awaji]

[Reference items] | Environmental standards | Total Emission Reduction Law of Nitrogen Oxides from Automobiles | Dioxins | Air pollution | Exhaust gas | Waste disposal | Dust | No-fault liability

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

工場、事業場から生じるばい煙や粉じんなどの排出を規制し、有害大気汚染物質対策の実施を推進し、ならびに自動車から排出される排気ガスに係る許容限度を定めること等により、大気汚染を防止するとともに、大気汚染被害者に無過失で損害賠償を支払うことを定めた法律。昭和43年法律第97号。この法律の前身は、ばい煙の排出の規制等に関する法律(昭和37年法律146号)であったが、大気汚染の深刻化に伴い改正され、現行法となった(なお、無過失責任規定は昭和47年)。その後も、大気汚染防止法は、硫黄(いおう)酸化物の総量規制、建築物解体に伴う石綿(アスベスト)の飛散防止、揮発性有機化合物(VOC)の排出規制などを目的とした改正が行われている。

 大気汚染防止法には、ばい煙等の排出基準による排出規制(3条以下)、一定地域の大気汚染をばい煙等の総量を削減することにより減少させようとする総量規制(5条の2以下)、粉じんに関する規制(18条以下)、有害大気汚染物質対策の推進(18条の20以下)、自動車排出ガスの許容限度とそれを超える場合の都道府県知事による要請(19条以下)、無過失損害賠償責任(25条以下)などが定められている。

 なお、大気汚染防止に関連した法律では、排ガス規制として自動車排出窒素酸化物総量削減法が、1992年(平成4)に成立した。この法律は、2001年に改正され、窒素酸化物の規制が強化されるとともに、新たに浮遊粒子状物質(SPM、直径12マイクロメートル以下の空気中に浮かぶ大気汚染物質)の排出規制が加えられた。さらに2007年には、排出規制の重点対策地区を指定するための改正が行われた。また、ダイオキシンについては廃棄物処理施設からの排出を極力抑えることがもっとも重要な対策の一つであるとされ、1999年(平成11)ダイオキシン類対策特別措置法が成立した。

[淡路剛久]

[参照項目] | 環境基準 | 自動車排出窒素酸化物総量削減法 | ダイオキシン | 大気汚染 | 排気ガス | 廃棄物処理 | 粉塵 | 無過失責任

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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