From the 1950s to the 1960s, the independence of colonial territories became prominent, and as a result, countries one after another joined the United Nations and condemned colonialism at UN seats, colonialism became internationally unrecognized. Around this time, there was an active movement among colonial and former colonial countries to grant nominal independence to their colonies while essentially restructuring the relationship of domination and subordination through economic aid and other means. In Asian and African nationalist movements and the international communist movement, the term "neo-colonialism" came to be used to describe such movements. Neo-colonialism is said to be a policy that seeks to maintain colonial exploitation in former colonies by using new methods, such as the conclusion of military alliances, the acquisition of military bases, economic aid, and the establishment of puppet governments. In particular, documents and manifestos from ethnic movements in Asia and Africa and the international communist movement have emphasized that "American imperialism" is the greatest pillar of neo-colonialism. However, this term has not been used much in recent years, and the difficulties facing former colonies have come to be understood as problems of the "Third World." [Takashi Saito] [ ] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1950年代から60年代にかけて植民地諸地域の独立が顕著となり、相次いで国際連合に加盟して植民地主義を国連の議席で非難するようになり、植民地主義は国際的に認められないものになった。このころ、植民地保有国または旧植民地保有国には、植民地に名目上の独立を与えながら、経済援助その他の方法で実質的に支配・従属関係を再編成しようとする動きが活発となった。このような動きについて、アジア・アフリカの民族運動や国際共産主義運動では「新植民地主義」ということばで現すようになった。 新植民地主義とは、旧植民地における植民地搾取を新しい方法によって維持しようとする政策であるとされ、その新しい方法として、軍事同盟の締結、軍事基地の取得、経済援助、さらに傀儡(かいらい)政権の樹立などが含まれる。とくにアジア・アフリカの民族運動や国際共産主義運動の文書や宣言などで強調しているのは、「アメリカ帝国主義」が新植民地主義の最大の支柱であるとすることであった。しかし、最近ではこのことばはあまり用いられず、旧植民地の当面する困難は、「第三世界」の問題として把握されるようになった。 [斉藤 孝] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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