Born April 29, 1863 in San Francisco, California. [Died] August 14, 1951. Beverly Hills, California. American newspaper owner. Son of George Hearst. In 1887, he inherited the San Francisco Examiner from his father, and in 1895, he moved to New York. He bought the New York Morning Journal and renamed it the New York Journal. Through his unique management techniques, Hearst built the huge "Hearst Chain" with 30 newspapers, over a dozen magazines, and 70 related businesses, including news and movies, during the 20th century. He competed fiercely with Joseph Pulitzer at the end of the 19th century, and became a central figure in the so-called yellow journalism with his sensational reporting. Politically, he changed rapidly, inciting the Spanish-American War and the antitrust movement, advocating the eight-hour workday and women's suffrage, and suddenly changing from praising to criticizing the New Deal, but he consistently opposed communism. Hurst |
[生]1863.4.29. カリフォルニア,サンフランシスコ [没]1951.8.14. カリフォルニア,ビバリーヒルズ アメリカ合衆国の新聞経営者。ジョージ・ハーストの子。1887年父が所有する『サンフランシスコ・エグザミナー』紙を受け継ぎ,1895年ニューヨークに進出。『ニューヨーク・モーニング・ジャーナル』を買収して『ニューヨーク・ジャーナル』と改題したのを手始めに,独特の経営手法で 20世紀にかけて,新聞 30,雑誌十数種,通信,映画など,関連事業 70種を擁する巨大な「ハースト・チェーン」を築いた。19世紀末ジョーゼフ・ピュリッツァーとの間に激烈な競争を展開し,センセーショナルな報道で,いわゆるイエロー・ジャーナリズムの中心人物となった。政治的にはアメリカ=スペイン戦争や反トラスト運動の扇動,8時間労働制と女性参政権の主張,ニューディール政策に対する賛美から非難への急変など,めまぐるしく変転したが,共産主義に対しては一貫して反対の立場をとった。 ハースト
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