A refining method in which metal materials are melted in a vacuum or low-pressure inert gas atmosphere such as argon or helium to promote the dissociation and volatilization of impurities, resulting in high-purity materials. Electric resistance furnaces, high-frequency induction furnaces, arc furnaces, electron beam melting, etc. are used for melting. The containers used are crucibles made of high-purity magnesia, zirconia, graphite, etc., or water-cooled copper crucibles. A material that does not react with the molten metal is selected. After melting, the container is often tilted in the same atmosphere and cast. It is used to manufacture high-grade special alloy steels and heat-resistant alloys, and to refine copper, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, uranium, etc. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
真空中または低圧のアルゴン,ヘリウムなどの不活性ガス雰囲気中で金属材料を溶解し,不純物の解離揮発を促して高純度材料を得る精製法。溶解には電気抵抗炉,高周波誘導炉,アーク炉,電子ビーム溶解などが用いられる。容器は高純度のマグネシア,ジルコニア,黒鉛などのるつぼ,水冷銅るつぼが使われる。溶解金属と反応しない材料を選択する。溶解後は同じ雰囲気内で容器を傾けて鋳造する方式が多い。高級な特殊合金鋼・耐熱合金の製造,銅,モリブデン,ニオブ,タンタル,チタン,ジルコニウム,ウランなどの精製に用いられる。
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