Illegally informing someone of harm and causing fear or awe in others. Under private law, a manifestation of intent made under duress may be rescinded, just as in the case of fraud (Civil Code, Article 96, Paragraph 1), and damages may also be claimed as a tort (Civil Code, Article 709). In this case, unlike in the case of fraud, the rescission may also be asserted against a third party acting in good faith (opposite interpretation of Civil Code, Article 96, Paragraph 3). The term "intimidation" is used in the Criminal Code. There are three types of intimidation used in the Criminal Code: In the broad sense, it includes all cases where harm is announced with the intent of causing fear or awe (Article 95, the crime of obstruction of public duties, and Article 106, the crime of rioting, of the Penal Code). In the narrow sense, it refers to cases where the type of harm announced is specific and the other person is forced to take or refrain from a certain action (Article 222, the crime of intimidation, and Article 223, the crime of coercion, of the same law). In the narrowest sense, it refers to cases where fear or awe is caused to the extent that it suppresses the other person's resistance or makes it extremely difficult (Article 177, the first part of the crime of forced sexual intercourse, and Article 236, the crime of robbery, of the same law). [Nawa Tetsuro January 19, 2018] [Reference items] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
違法に害悪を告知して、他人に恐怖心または畏怖(いふ)心を生じさせること。私法上は、強迫による意思表示は、詐欺の場合と同様、これを取り消すことができる(民法96条1項)ほか、不法行為として損害賠償の請求も可能である(同法709条)。なお、この場合には、詐欺の場合と異なり、その取消しは善意の第三者にも対抗できる(同法96条3項の反対解釈)。 刑法では、「脅迫」という用語が用いられる。刑法で用いられる脅迫には次のような3種類がある。広義では、恐怖心・畏怖心を生じさせる目的で害悪を告知するすべての場合(刑法95条の公務執行妨害罪、106条の騒乱罪)を含む。狭義では、告知される害悪の種類が特定され相手に一定の作為または不作為を強制する場合(同法222条の脅迫罪、223条の強要罪)である。最狭義では、相手の反抗を抑圧したり、著しく困難にする程度の恐怖心・畏怖心を生じさせる場合(同法177条前段の強制性交等罪、236条の強盗罪)である。 [名和鐵郎 2018年1月19日] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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