White-spotted Corydalis japonica - White-spotted Corydalis japonica

Japanese: ジロボウエンゴサク - じろぼうえんごさく

A perennial plant of the Papaveraceae family (APG classification: Papaveraceae). The whole plant is soft. There is a tuber about 1 cm in diameter underground, from which the flower stalk and basal leaves emerge. The leaves are bipinnate and compound, with leaflets obovate or oblanceolate. There are two stem leaves, which are smaller than the basal leaves. In April and May, several crimson-purple flowers are produced in small racemes. The petals have spurs. The fruit is a capsule that is linear and somewhat constricted to become bead-like. The seeds are black. It grows in mountain foothills and forest roadsides, and is distributed from the Kanto region west of Honshu to Kyushu, as well as China and Taiwan. In the Ise region, violets are called Tarobo and this species is called Jirobou, and there is a game in which the flowers are entangled and hooked together to compete, which is said to be the origin of the name.

[Susumu Terabayashi February 17, 2020]

Medicinal

In traditional Chinese medicine, the tubers are called Engosaku, contain alkaloids, and are used as an analgesic and blood purifying agent to treat stomachache, abdominal pain, headaches, menstrual pain, bruises, swelling, etc. In China, Corydalis repens (C. turtschaninovii Besser) and its cultivated varieties, as well as Corydalis repens (C. repens Mandl. et Muchld.) and Corydalis lineariloba (C. lineariloba Sieb. et Zucc.) are mainly used.

[Motoo Nagasawa February 17, 2020]

White-streaked Corydalis
The leaves are bipinnate and compound, with leaflets obovate or oblanceolate. In April and May, several small red-purple flowers are borne in racemes. The petals have spurs. ©Shogakukan Photo by Hiroshi Okada ">

White-streaked Corydalis

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ケシ科（APG分類：ケシ科）の多年草。全体が柔らかい。地下に径約1センチメートルの塊茎があり、そこから花茎と根出葉が出る。葉は2回3出羽状複葉で、小葉は倒卵形ないし倒披針(とうひしん)形。茎葉は2枚で根出葉に比べて小形である。4～5月、数個の紅紫色花を小形の総状花序につける。花弁には距(きょ)がある。果実は蒴果(さくか)で線形、いくらかくびれて数珠(じゅず)状になる。種子は黒色。山麓(さんろく)、林の道端などに生え、関東地方以西の本州から九州、および中国、台湾に分布する。伊勢(いせ)地方ではスミレのことを太郎坊、本種を次郎坊とよんで花どうしを絡み合わせ、ひっかけて勝負する遊びがあり、それが名の由来といわれる。

［寺林　進　2020年2月17日］

薬用

漢方では塊茎を延胡索(えんごさく)といい、アルカロイドを含有し、鎮痛、浄血剤として胃痛、腹痛、頭痛、月経痛、打ち身、腫(は)れ物などの治療に用いる。中国ではチョウセンエンゴサクC. turtschaninovii Besserとその栽培変種、およびコリダリス・レペンスC. repens Mandl. et Muchld.、ヤマエンゴサクC. lineariloba Sieb. et Zucc.をおもに用いる。

［長沢元夫　2020年2月17日］

ジロボウエンゴサク

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