Mansfield, Sir Peter

Japanese: マンスフィールド(英語表記)Mansfield, Sir Peter
Mansfield, Sir Peter
Born: October 9, 1933, London
[Died]2017.2.8.
British physicist. After graduating from Queen Mary College, University of London, he obtained his PhD in Physics from the same university in 1962. After working as a researcher at the University of Illinois in the United States, he was a lecturer at the University of Nottingham in the UK and a researcher at the Max Planck Institute, before becoming a professor at Nottingham in 1979. In 1994, he became a professor emeritus at the same university. He further developed the idea of ​​Paul Lauterbur, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Mansfield, of using magnetic resonance to obtain cross-sectional images of the human body. In 1978, he developed the echoplanar method, which allows for high-speed image scanning, and created actual cross-sectional images. In 2003, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which skillfully uses the physical phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance to obtain cross-sectional images of the human body and other structures. He was knighted in 1993.

Mansfield
Mansfield, Katherine

Born: October 14, 1888, Wellington
[Died] January 9, 1923. A female British writer born in New Zealand near Paris. Her real name was Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp. As a girl, she studied in London with her sister. She returned to Japan for a time, but then went back to England. She contracted tuberculosis and spent time recuperating in Bavaria, which resulted in the collection of short stories In a German Pension (1911). She met JM Murray, lived with him, and later married him. She also became friends with DH Lawrence and his wife. She died at the early age of 34. She was a master of short stories influenced by Chekhov, and her collections of short stories include Bliss and Other Stories (20), The Garden Party and Other Stories (22), and The Dove's Nest and Other Stories (23). Her posthumous publications include The Diary (27) and Letters (28).

Mansfield
Mansfield, Michael Joseph

Born: March 16, 1903, New York
[Died] October 5, 2001, Washington DC
American politician. After working as a miner and mining engineer, he graduated from the University of Montana in 1933. He taught history and political science at the university until 1942. He served as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Montana from 1943 to 1952, and as a U.S. Senator from Montana in 1952. He served as the Senate Democratic Vice-Leader from 1957 to 1961, and as its Leader from 1961 to 1977. He was a member of the Foreign Relations Committee, and was a representative dove along with Chairman J. Fulbright. He compiled research reports on U.S. foreign policy, particularly policy toward Southeast Asia. He served as ambassador to Japan from 1977 to November 1988, under both the Democratic Carter and Republican Reagan administrations. He is said to be the most pro-Japan and longest-serving ambassador since World War II.

Mansfield
Mansfield

A town in central Nottinghamshire, central England, the UK. Together with the surrounding area, it forms the Mansfield district. It is about 20km north of Nottingham, facing the River Mourne. It is located in the western part of Sherwood Forest, where Robin Hood is said to have been active. It is an old town that was granted royal permission to open a market in 1227, and its population rapidly increased with the development of the coalfields in the 19th century. It is a commercial centre, and in addition to the long-standing hosiery industry, it is also home to industries such as plastics, shoemaking, and electrical machinery. District area: 77km2 . District population: 98,095 (2001). Population: 69,987 (2001).

Mansfield
Mansfield, Richard

Born: May 24, 1854, Berlin
[Died] August 30, 1907, New London, Connecticut. American actor. He first appeared in Gilbert and Sullivan shows in England, but made his debut in New York in 1882. He had a romantic style of acting, and was good at playing Cyrano de Bergerac, Richard III, and Shylock. He also wrote and performed many of his own plays. He also attracted attention for the premiere of the English version of Peer Gynt (1906) and for introducing GB Shaw's works.

Mansfield
Mansfield

An industrial city in north-central Ohio, USA. It is located halfway between Cleveland and Columbus, at the western edge of the Allegheny Mountains. Settlement began in the early 19th century, but the city developed rapidly in the mid-19th century with the opening of the Baltimore-Ohio, Penn Central, and Erie-Lackawanna railroads. Today, the city is home to electric and gas appliance and automobile-related industries. It is also home to the Ohio University branch campus and the Kingwood Center Botanical Gardens. Population 50,627 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1933.10.9. ロンドン
[没]2017.2.8.
イギリスの物理学者。ロンドン大学クイーン・メアリー・カレッジ卒業後,1962年同大学で物理学博士号を取得した。アメリカ合衆国のイリノイ大学で研究員を務めたのち,イギリスのノッティンガム大学講師,マックス・プランク研究所研究員などを経て,1979年にノッティンガム大学教授となった。1994年同大学名誉教授。磁気共鳴現象を人体の断層画像を得るために利用するという,マンスフィールドとともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞したポール・ラウターバーの発想を,さらに発展させた。1978年には高速で画像スキャンができるエコープラナー法を開発し,実際の断層画像をつくった。核磁気共鳴という物理的現象を巧みに利用して人体などの断層画像を得る磁気共鳴画像 MRIを開発した業績により,2003年ノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した。1993年ナイトに叙せられた。

マンスフィールド
Mansfield, Katherine

[生]1888.10.14. ウェリントン
[没]1923.1.9. パリ近郊
ニュージーランド生れのイギリスの女流作家。本名 Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp。少女時代姉とともにロンドンに遊学。いったん帰国したが再び渡英,結核におかされてバイエルンで療養生活をおくり,その所産として短編集『ドイツの宿で』 In a German Pension (1911) が生れた。 J.M.マリーと知合って同棲後結婚。また D.H.ロレンス夫妻と親交を結んだ。 34歳で早世。チェーホフの影響を受けた短編小説の名手で,短編集に『幸福』 Bliss and Other Stories (20) ,『園遊会』 The Garden Party and Other Stories (22) ,『鳩の巣』 The Dove's Nest and Other Stories (23) など。死後出版に『日記』 (27) ,『書簡集』 (28) がある。

マンスフィールド
Mansfield, Michael Joseph

[生]1903.3.16. ニューヨーク
[没]2001.10.5. ワシントンD.C.
アメリカの政治家。鉱山労働者,鉱山技師などを経て,1933年モンタナ大学卒業。 42年まで同大学で歴史学,政治学を教えた。 43~52年モンタナ州選出民主党連邦下院議員,52年同州選出連邦上院議員。 57~61年上院民主党院内副総務。 61~77年同院内総務。外交委員会に所属し,J.フルブライト委員長らと並びハト派の代表的存在だった。アメリカの外交政策,特に東南アジア政策などについて調査報告書をまとめている。 77~88年 11月,カーター民主党,レーガン共和党両政権を通じて駐日大使をつとめた。第2次世界大戦後の最も親日的で在任期間の長い大使といわれている。

マンスフィールド
Mansfield

イギリス,イングランド中部,ノッティンガムシャー県中部の町。周辺を含めてマンスフィールド地区を構成する。ノッティンガムの北約 20kmにあり,モーン川に臨む。ロビン・フッドの活躍の舞台と伝えられるシャーウッドの森の西部に位置する。1227年市場開設が勅許された古い町で,19世紀の炭田開発に伴って人口が急速に増加した。商業中心地で,古くからのメリヤス工業のほか,プラスチック,製靴,電機などの工業も立地。地区面積 77km2。地区人口 9万8095(2001)。人口 6万9987(2001)。

マンスフィールド
Mansfield, Richard

[生]1854.5.24. ベルリン
[没]1907.8.30. コネティカット,ニューロンドン
アメリカの俳優。初めイギリスでギルバート=サリバン・ショーなどに出演していたが,1882年ニューヨークでデビュー。ロマンチックな芸風で,シラノ・ド・ベルジュラック,リチャード3世,シャイロックなどを得意とした。自作自演の作品も多い。また『ペール・ギュント』の英語による初演 (1906) や,G.B.ショーの作品の紹介などでも注目された。

マンスフィールド
Mansfield

アメリカ合衆国,オハイオ州中北部の工業都市。クリーブランドとコロンバスの中間,アレゲニー山地の西端に位置する。 19世紀初期に入植が始ったが,19世紀中頃にボルティモア・オハイオ,ペン・セントラル,エリーラッカワナの各鉄道が開設されて急速に発展。現在は電気・ガス器具,自動車関連の工業が行われる。オハイオ大学分校,キングウッドセンター植物園がある。人口5万 627 (1990) 。

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