Overture - Jokyoku (English spelling) overture

Japanese: 序曲 - じょきょく(英語表記)overture
Overture - Jokyoku (English spelling) overture
An instrumental piece of music performed as an introduction to an opera, oratorio, ballet, suite, etc. The oldest type is the "canzona overture," which was standardized in the 17th century Venetian opera and has a two-part structure of slow (2 beats) - fast (3 beats). It was further developed into J. Lully's "French overture," which was used not only in operas but also in suites. A. Scarlatti then created the three-part structure of fast - slow - fast with his "Italian overture," which became the basis for the classical symphony. In the classical period, overtures adopted sonata form. Opera overtures began to play a role in suggesting the content of the play. In the 19th century, independent concert overtures were often composed, giving rise to masterpieces such as F. Mendelssohn's "Fingal's Cave" and J. Brahms' "Academic Festival Overture." As the Romantic period progressed, in Richard Wagner's music dramas the prelude was called a prelude, and it moved away from sonata form to a freer form that leads immediately into the first scene of the drama.

Overture
The Prelude

A full-length poem by the English poet W. Wordsworth. It consists of 14 volumes. Planned as part of the philosophical poem The Recluse, it began to be written in 1799 and completed in 1805. It was revised and revised over the next 35 years, and was published in July 1850, after the poet's death. Wordsworth himself called it "a poem about the first half of my life" and "a poem about the growth of my own mind," and his widow gave it the title "Prelude." Wordsworth recalls his experiences from his childhood, his time at Hawkshead Grammar School, his time at Cambridge University, his stay in London, his hiking trip across the Alps, and his life in France during the revolution, and explores their spiritual historical significance. The manuscript, completed in 1905, was revised and published by Professor E. Selincourt in 1926, giving us a clearer picture of the young poet.

Overture

A term used in Shomyo. A type of Shomyo from the Ohara school of the Tendai sect, it refers to songs chanted in a free rhythm without a beat. It is the opposite of Teikyoku. Most Shomyo are overtures, and there are songs with a slow tempo and long drawn-out vocalizations called Inzei and Choin, and songs with a relatively fast tempo called Tanzei and Kirigoe.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
オペラ,オラトリオ,バレエ,組曲などの初めに導入として演奏される器楽曲。最も古いタイプは「カンツォーナ風序曲」で,17世紀ベネチア・オペラで定型化され,緩 (2拍子系) -急 (3拍子系) の2部分構造をもつ。さらに発展して J.リュリの「フランス風序曲」が生れ,オペラだけではなく組曲にも愛用された。続いて A.スカルラッティが「イタリア風序曲」で,急-緩-急の3部分構造を創始。古典派のシンフォニーを生む母体となった。古典派になると,序曲はソナタ形式を採用。オペラの序曲は,その劇内容を暗示する役割を果すようになる。 19世紀には,しばしば独立した演奏会用序曲が作曲され,F.メンデルスゾーンの『フィンガルの洞窟』,J.ブラームスの『大学祝典序曲』などの名曲が生れた。ロマン派の時代が進み,R.ワーグナーの楽劇では前奏曲と呼ばれ,ソナタ形式を脱し,ただちに楽劇の最初の場面へと導く自由な形式となった。

序曲
じょきょく
The Prelude

イギリスの詩人 W.ワーズワスの長編詩。 14巻から成る。哲学詩『隠栖』 The Recluseの一部として計画され,1799年に執筆開始,1805年に完成。その後 35年にわたって加筆訂正がなされ,詩人の死後,50年7月に出版された。彼自身はこの作品を「私の前半生についての詩」「私自身の精神の成長に関する詩」と呼び,『序曲』という表題は未亡人がつけたもの。幼少年期,ホークスヘッドのグラマー・スクール時代,ケンブリッジ大学時代,ロンドン滞在,アルプス越えの徒歩旅行,革命さなかのフランス生活などの経験が回想されるとともに,その精神史的な意味が追求されている。 05年の完成当時の原稿が 1926年 E.セリンコート教授によって校訂出版されて,若き詩人の姿が一層明瞭にうかがえるようになった。

序曲
じょきょく

声明 (しょうみょう) 用語。天台宗大原流の声明で,拍子をとらず自由なリズムで唱える曲をいう。定曲 (ていきょく) に対する。声明の大部分は序曲物であり,特にテンポがゆるやかで長く声を引くものに引声 (いんぜい) や長音 (ちょういん) と呼ばれる曲があり,比較的テンポの速いものに短声 (たんぜい) と切音 (きりごえ) がある。

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