In geology and petrology, silt is a particle size classification for fine sedimentary material, with particles between 1/256 and 1/16 of a millimeter being considered silt. In soil science, it refers to the particle size range of soil constituent particles between 0.002 and 0.02 millimeters (as stipulated by international law). Both refer to a size between sand and clay, but the way the limit is determined varies slightly depending on the academic field and school of thought. It is sometimes translated as fine sand. Silt, which is treated as a geological deposit, is the particle size that sinks fastest from suspended water when materials transported by rivers are deposited on the seabed. In soil science, silt is a fine particle produced during the weathering process, and is considered to be poorer in quartz fragments than sand grains and not yet a chemical weathering product such as clay particles as secondary minerals. [Shigeo Asami and Makiko Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地質学、岩石学では細粒堆積(たいせき)物の粒径区分の一つで、256分の1~16分の1ミリメートルの粒径の粒子をシルトとする。土壌学では土壌の構成粒子のうち0.002~0.02ミリメートル(国際法の規定)の粒径の範囲をいう。いずれも砂と粘土の中間の大きさをさすが、その限界値の決め方は、学問分野により、また学派によって多少の違いがある。微砂と訳すことがある。 地質堆積物として扱うシルトは、河川の運搬物質が海底に堆積するときに懸濁水からもっとも速く沈下する粒径にあたる。土壌学で扱うシルトは風化過程で生成する微粒子で、砂粒よりは石英片に乏しく、二次鉱物としての粘土粒子のような化学的風化生成物には至っていないものとみなされる。 [浅海重夫・渡邊眞紀子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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