Antofagasta (English spelling)

Japanese: アントファガスタ（英語表記）Antofagasta

A port city in northern Chile facing the Pacific Ocean. It is located at the point where the coastal mountain range slopes steeply into Moreno Bay, which is a good natural harbor, and an artificial harbor surrounded by a large breakwater has been constructed. It is in the arid area in the western part of the Atacama Desert, with almost no rain, and the water supply is drawn from Calama, which is about 200 km northeast and faces the Loa River at the foot of the Andes. It was built in 1870 in conjunction with the development of saltpeter resources and silver mines in the Atacama Desert in the late 19th century, and developed as a shipping port. It was originally part of Bolivia, but when the Pacific War between Chile and Bolivia began in 1979 over saltpeter interests, Chile occupied it, and after the war it became Chilean in 1984. Currently the largest city in northern Chile, it plays an important role as a supply base for the inland mining regions and as a shipping port for copper, sulfur, etc. It is also an industrial and commercial center, with foundries, smelters, sulfuric acid plants, as well as food, beer, fishmeal, and shipbuilding industries. It is also the cultural center of the north, with the Norte University (1956), the Mining College, and a theater. It is a key transportation point along the Pan-American Highway, connected to the mining regions by rail and the starting point of international railroads to both La Paz and Buenos Aires, and is an important import/export port, along with Arica to the north, for landlocked Bolivia. There is an international airport in the northern suburbs. Population: 218,754 (1992 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

チリ北部，太平洋にのぞむ港湾都市。海岸山脈が急斜面をなしてモレノ湾にのぞむ地点にあり，同湾が天然の良港をなすとともに，大規模な防波堤で囲まれた人工港が建設されている。アタカマ砂漠の西部にあたる乾燥地帯にあり，雨がほとんど降らず，北東約 200km，アンデス山麓のロア川にのぞむカラマから水道が引かれている。 19世紀後半アタカマ砂漠の硝石資源と銀山の開発に伴って 1870年建設され，その積出港として発展。当初ボリビア領であったが，硝石利権をめぐって 79年チリとボリビアの間に太平洋戦争が始るとチリが占領，戦後 84年にチリ領となった。現在チリ北部最大の都市で，内陸の鉱山地帯への補給基地，および銅，硫黄などの積出港として重要な役割を果すとともに，商工業中心地であり，鋳物工場，精錬所，硫酸工場などのほか，食品，ビール，魚粉，造船などの工業が立地する。北部の文化中心地でもあり，ノルテ大学 (1956) ，鉱業専門学校，劇場などがある。パンアメリカン・ハイウェーに沿う交通の要地で，鉱山地帯と鉄道で結ばれるほか，ラパス，ブエノスアイレス両方面へ通じる国際鉄道の起点で，特に内陸国ボリビアにとっては，北のアリカとともに重要な輸出入港となっている。北郊には国際空港がある。人口 21万 8754 (1992推計) 。

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