Shiraz (English spelling)

Japanese: シーラーズ(英語表記)Shīrāz
Shiraz (English spelling)
It is the capital of Fars Province in south-central Iran. It lies in the Zagros Mountains at an altitude of 1,486 m. It is a historic city with numerous gardens, mausoleums and mosques, but it is also a fascinating modern city. It is the birthplace of the great Persian poets Saadi and Hafiz, whose tombs in the northern suburbs of the city have been beautifully restored. Despite floods, plagues and famines in 1630 and 68, and earthquakes in 1824 and 1853, the city has survived remarkably well. It was an important city throughout the Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanid periods. In the 13th century, the Mongols built a new mosque, and Timur occupied it in 1387 and 1393, but the city, with its mosque, mausoleum and great library, rivaled Baghdad as an Islamic center. In the 15th and 16th centuries, it was the home of the miniature Shiraz school. In the early 18th century, it was invaded by the Afghans, but was made the capital by the Zand dynasty, whose founder, Karim Khan, beautified the city with many magnificent buildings. The new city contains the Nestorian Church of St. Simon and the National University. It is a transportation and commercial center for the central Zagros Mountains, and is connected by road to Bushehr, an outer port on the Persian Gulf. It is known for wine production, and has factories for cement, sugar, fertilizer, textiles, and traditional inlay work. The ruins of the ancient Persian royal palace, Persepolis, are located 65 km northeast of the city. Population: 965,117 (1991).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イラン中南部,ファールス州の州都。ザグロス山脈中の低地,標高 1486mに位置する。数々の庭園と廟とモスクをもつ歴史的都市であるが,同時に魅力的な近代的都市でもある。ペルシアの大詩人サーディーやハーフィズの生誕地で,市の北郊にある彼らの墓所は華麗に修復されている。 1630年,68年の洪水,疫病,飢饉,また特に 1824年と 53年の地震などにもかかわらず,市の大部分は意外なほどもとのままに存続している。セレウコス朝,パルティア朝,ササン朝各時代を通じて重要な都市であった。 13世紀にはモンゴル人が新しいモスクを建て,1387年と 93年にチムールがこの市を占領したが,町はモスクと廟と大図書館を擁してバグダードに匹敵するイスラム教の中心地となっていた。 15~16世紀にはミニアチュールのシーラーズ派の本拠であった。 18世紀初期にはアフガン人の侵略を受けたが,ザンド朝によって首都とされ,同朝の創始者カリーム・ハーンは多くの壮麗な建物で町に美観を添えた。新市街にはネストリウス派の聖シモン聖堂や国立大学などがある。ザグロス山脈中央部への交通と商業の中心地で,ペルシア湾岸の外港ブーシェルと道路で結ばれている。ワインの生産で知られ,セメント,砂糖,肥料,織物などの工場があり,伝統的な象眼細工が盛んである。なお,古代ペルシアの王宮遺跡ペルセポリスが市の北東 65kmにある。人口 96万 5117 (1991) 。

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