A unique respiratory organ found in the order Scorpionida, Scorpionida, Scorpionida, Scorpionida, and Arachnida, which are living animals belonging to the Arachnida phylum of Arthropoda. It is also called lung-book. In scorpions, there are four pairs in the 3rd to 6th posterior segments, in scorpions and scorpions, there are two pairs in the 2nd to 3rd posterior segments, in scorpions, there is one pair in the 2nd posterior segment, and in spiders, there are one to two pairs in the anterior part of the abdomen. Among these, in Arachnida, there are various stages in the formation of the respiratory organ, and while the suborders Lithomorpha and Trapdoor Spiders, which are classified as similar, have two pairs of lungs, in many higher species, there is only one pair in the front, and the rear lung is also equipped with a tracheal system that is thought to be a modified version of the lung. There are also spiders that have lost the lungs completely. The book lung is so named because many lobes overlap like the pages of a book. Air enters through the book lung spiracles and reaches the lobes that branch off from the anterior air chambers into the blood sinuses. Oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood from the lobes in the blood sinuses, transported to the heart through the pulmonary veins, and then sent to the entire body through the arteries. By the way, since the circulatory system of arthropods is an open vascular system, in tracheal respiration, it takes time for blood to flow between other tissues on its way to the cells that require oxygen. In contrast, in tracheal respiration, oxygen is transported directly to the tissues through the air capillaries, making it more efficient than tracheal respiration. From the standpoint of comparative morphology, the tracheal is also considered to be a primitive respiratory organ in arachnids. On the other hand, animals in the other orders of arachnids (snakes, harvestmen, mites, shoeworms, and sun bugs) breathe through the trachea. Also, some species of the order Corbiculatus and some mites do not have respiratory organs, but they are thought to breathe through the skin. [Ono Tenji] ©Shogakukan "> Location of the book lung ©Shogakukan "> Structure of the book lung Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
節足動物門クモ形綱に属する現生の動物群のうち、サソリ目、サソリモドキ目、ヤイトムシ目、ウデムシ目、真正クモ目にみられる独特な呼吸器官。肺書lung-bookともいう。サソリでは第3~6後体節に4対、サソリモドキとウデムシでは第2~3後体節に2対、ヤイトムシでは第2後体節に1対、クモでは腹部下面前方に1~2対存在する。このうち、真正クモ目では呼吸器官の形成にさまざまな段階があり、分類上下等なハラフシグモ亜目やトタテグモ亜目では書肺は2対あるが、多くの高等な種では書肺は前方の1対のみで、それ以外に後方の書肺が変化したと考えられる気管系を兼ね備えている。また、なかには書肺をまったく失ったクモもある。 書肺は、多数の肺葉が、本のページのように重なり合っているのでこの名がある。書肺気門から入った空気は、前気室より血洞の中へ分岐している肺葉の中へ達する。空気中の酸素は血洞において肺葉から血液中に取り込まれ、肺静脈を経て心臓へ運ばれ、さらに動脈で全身へと送り出される。 ところで、節足動物の循環器官は開放血管系であるので、書肺呼吸では、血液が酸素を要求している細胞に到達する途中、ほかの組織の間を流れるために時間がかかる。これに対して、気管呼吸では酸素は毛細気管を通じて直接組織へ運搬されるので、効率において書肺呼吸より優れている。比較形態学の見地からも、書肺はクモ形綱における原始的な呼吸器官とみなされている。 一方、前記以外のクモ形綱の各目の動物(カニムシ、ザトウムシ、ダニ、クツコムシ、ヒヨケムシ)は、気管呼吸をする。また、コヨリムシ目や一部のダニには呼吸器官がない種もあるが、それらは皮膚呼吸をするものと考えられている。 [小野展嗣] ©Shogakukan"> 書肺の位置 ©Shogakukan"> 書肺の構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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