...Pioneer works include The Boy and the Blind Man from the late 13th century, and, although in a different genre, works such as Fabliaux and The Fox's Tale, but the farce itself flourished in the 15th century. During the same period, plays featuring clowns (called sots (fools)), which were popular mainly in France, sotie (fool's plays), and morality plays such as Everyman also became popular. However, only farces survived to later generations and flourished throughout France until the 16th and 17th centuries. ... From [French Theatre]...Religious drama based on Christian liturgy and stories can be found in Baroque plays, J. de Rotroux's Saint Geneste, Corneille's Polyuct, and two tragedies from the later years of Racine, but they disappeared until the appearance of P. Claudel at the end of the 19th century. In medieval Gothic cities, the performances of great sacred history plays often incorporated other contemporary stage expressions, such as fool plays (sottie, sotie), morality plays (moralité), and farce. In particular, the carnival-like anti-world of fool plays and the satirical comedic nature of farce, along with the influence of Italian and Spanish comedies, formed the undercurrent of 17th century comedy (such as "The Washing Tub," which became the kyogen adaptation of Iizawa Tadashi's "The Washing River" in Japan, and "Mr. Pierre Patrin"). *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "sotie" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…先駆的作品としては13世紀後半の《少年と盲人》や,ジャンルこそ違え,ファブリオー,狐物語などが考えられるが,笑劇そのものの隆盛は15世紀である。同じ時期には,主としてフランスで人気のあった道化役者(ソーsot(馬鹿者)と呼ばれた)の芝居,ソティsotie(阿呆劇)や,《エブリマン》に代表される道徳劇も流行する。しかし笑劇だけが後世まで生き残り,16,17世紀に至るまでフランス全土に栄える。… 【フランス演劇】より…キリスト教の典礼や物語にのっとった宗教劇は,バロック時代の劇作や,J.deロトルー《聖ジュネスト》,コルネイユ《ポリュクト》あるいはラシーヌ晩年の2悲劇の例はあるものの,以後は19世紀末のP.クローデルの出現まで姿を消す。 中世ゴシック都市における大聖史劇上演には,同時代の他の舞台表現,すなわち〈阿呆劇(ソティsottie,sotie)〉〈教訓劇(道徳劇)moralité〉〈笑劇farce〉などもプログラムに組み込まれることが多かった。なかでも阿呆劇のカーニバル的反世界と笑劇の風刺的喜劇性は,イタリアやスペインの喜劇の影響とともに,17世紀喜劇の底流を作る(日本で飯沢匡翻案狂言《濯ぎ川》ともなった《洗濯桶》や《ピエール・パトラン先生》等)。… ※「sotie」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
>>: Soto, JR (English spelling) SotoJR
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