Shodonshibai - Shodonshibai

This is a folk performing art handed down on Kakeroma Island in the Amami Islands. It was originally performed at the festivals (Chyoyo and Jugoya) of Ochon Shrine (whose deity is Taira no Sukemori) in Setouchi-cho, Oshima-gun, Kagoshima Prefecture, but is now performed irregularly. Locals call it "Shibaya." It consists of three parts: dance, kyogen, and puppet theater, and is thought to retain at least the old style from the late Middle Ages. The performers first perform a purification ritual in the sea, and then, accompanied by lively music, they dance to the shrine (myaa), moving their right hands and feet and then their left hands and left feet in a number of movements. The first is "Sambato", where the performer comes on stage wearing a top hat, haori and hakama, a paper mask of a white warrior called Kabideira, and a Chinese fan. It is said to be a syncretism of an old man, a Sanbaso, and the Okinawan Maitreya. The dances include the hand dances "Kenko-bushi", "Shinjo (Toshiaki or Double Suicide) Bushi", and "Dattodo (Zatodono) Bushi", the drum dance "Takaki Yama", the stick dances "Kukuwa-bushi" and "Sukotengu-bushi", and the "Kama-odori" with a sickle. The kyogen piece is "Shishikiri," in which a hunter slays a lion (a stuffed boar-like creature) that attacks a beautiful woman, and the puppet show is "Tamatsuyu," in which a giant snake swallows an unfilial daughter's sake as she is drinking it. From the costumes, including the long black vest with slits at the hem, the long white hakama, the masks, and the hats, as well as the puppet show, one can see the deep connections between the arts of mainland Japan, Okinawa, and the performing arts of the Namsadang people of the Korean peninsula. It has been designated an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property by the government.

[Masahiro Nishikado]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

奄美(あまみ)諸島の加計呂麻(かけろま)島に伝承する民俗芸能。鹿児島県大島郡瀬戸内町諸鈍の大屯(おおちょん)神社（祭神は平資盛(たいらのすけもり)）の祭り（重陽と十五夜）に演じられたが、今日では不定期。地元民は「シバヤ」とよぶ。踊り、狂言、人形芝居の3部からなり、少なくとも中世末の古風を残すものと考えられる。演者はまず海で禊(みそぎ)を済ませて、囃子(はやし)もにぎやかに神社(みゃー)に右手右足、左手左足のナンバの振りで練り込む。最初は「サンバト」で、シルクハット状の帽子に羽織・袴(はかま)で紙面(かびでいら)という白式尉(はくしきじょう)の面をつけて唐団扇(とううちわ)で出る。翁(おきな)と三番叟(さんばそう)と沖縄の弥勒(みろく)の習合形らしい。踊りは、手踊の『兼好節』『シンジョウ（俊良または心中）節』『ダットドン（座頭殿）節』、太鼓踊の『高き山』、棒踊の『ククワ節』『スコテングヮ節』、鎌(かま)を持った『鎌踊』などがある。狂言は、美女を襲ったシシ（縫いぐるみの猪(いのしし)風のもの）を狩人(かりゅうど)が退治する『シシキリ』、人形芝居は、親不孝な娘が酒を飲んでいるところを大蛇が一のみにする『玉露(たまつゆ)』である。裾裂(すそわ)れの長い黒の胴着、白い長股引(ももひき)、仮面、笠(かさ)などの扮装(ふんそう)や人形芝居などから、日本本土脈、沖縄脈のほか、朝鮮半島の男寺党(ナムサダン)の芸能などとのはるかなる交渉がうかがわれる。国指定の重要無形民俗文化財。

［西角井正大］

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