Gentry

Japanese: gentry
Gentry

…The original term gentleman was a leisure class that was able to maintain its unique luxury lifestyle, culture, and behavior centered on political activities through land rent. Its members were essentially nobles with titles such as prince, duke, count, or baron, and the gentry, who were commoners but were allowed to wear a coat of arms like the nobles. A family crest is a specific design enclosed within a shield-shaped frame, and symbolizes that the family belonged to a class that was once allowed to bear arms. …

From China


[Scholars and the Imperial Examinations]
Bureaucrats were essentially literati, and literati were intellectuals who were educated in the Confucian scriptures. The literati are usually described as a trinity of literati, bureaucrats, and landlords, and the terms literati, mandarin, and gentry are sometimes used to describe them. In fact, bureaucrats were almost without exception landlords (landlords of a considerable size), but this was not a necessary condition.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "gentry" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…本来のジェントルマンとは,地代収入によって特有の奢侈(しやし)的な消費生活や教養,政治活動を中心とする行動様式などを維持しえた有閑階級のことである。基本的には,公侯伯子男という爵位をもつ貴族と,身分的には庶民であるが,貴族と同様に〈家紋つきコートcoat of arms〉の使用を認められていた〈ジェントリーgentry〉とがその構成員であった。家紋は盾の形をした枠組みのなかに特定の図案が収められているもので,その家門がかつて武器をもつことを許された階層に属していたことを象徴する。…

【中国】より


[士大夫(読書人)と科挙]
 官僚はその実体において士大夫であり,士大夫とは読書人,つまり儒教経典の教養の保持者としての知識人である。ふつう士大夫とは読書人・官僚・地主の三位一体といういい方があり,それぞれliterati,mandarin,gentryの語が当てられることがある。事実,官僚はほとんど例外なく地主(相当な規模な地主)であったが,それはしかし必須の条件ではない。…

※「gentry」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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