When the liquid obtained by dry distillation of wood is left to stand, it separates into two layers, the upper layer of which is called wood vinegar, and the dark brown mucus in the lower layer is called wood tar. Some of the wood tar dissolves in the upper layer of wood vinegar, which is called soluble wood tar or light wood tar, while the lower layer is called heavy wood tar. The main components of wood tar are phenols such as phenol, cresol, and guaiacol, esters such as methyl acetate, aldehydes such as valeraldehyde and propionaldehyde, and many other compounds such as alcohols, ketones, bases, furans, and lactones. In the past, it was fractionated to separate it into light oil, heavy oil, and pitch, and the light oil was used as a solvent or fuel, and the heavy oil was used as a preservative or to produce creosote, but this is no longer done at all today. [Nakahara Katsunori] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
木材を乾留して得られる液体を静置すると二層に分かれるが、そのうちの上層を木酢(もくさく)といい、下層の黒褐色の粘液を木タールという。木タールは上層の木酢に一部溶けているが、これは可溶性木タールまたは軽木タールといい、これに対し下層の木タールは重木タールという。木タールの主成分は、フェノール、クレゾール、グアヤコールなどのフェノール類、酢酸メチルなどのエステル、バレルアルデヒド、プロピオンアルデヒドなどのアルデヒド、そのほかアルコール、ケトン、塩基、フラン、ラクトンなど多種類の化合物を含んでいる。古くは分留して、軽油、重油およびピッチなどに分け、軽油は溶剤や燃料に供し、重油は防腐剤に供したり、あるいはこれからクレオソートを製造したりしたが、現在はまったく行われていない。 [中原勝儼] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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