Tong-pan (English spelling)

Japanese: 通判 - つうはん（英語表記）tong-pan; t`ung-p`an

The name of a local official in China. In the fourth year of the Jianlong era (963) under the reign of Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, they were placed in each state in order to separate the authority of the Jiedushi and to control the Zhizhou, which were under the control of the Jiedushi. Their rank was one rank lower than that of the Zhizhou, but their authority was the same as that of the Zhizhou, and they could not decide on state affairs without the consent of the Tongban. They were also called Kanshu, as they acted as inspectors of the Zhizhou.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国の地方官の名。宋の太祖の建隆4 (963) 年4月，節度使の権限を分離するため，節度使の勢力下にある知州を押えようとして各州におかれた。位は知州より1等低いが，権限は知州と同じで，通判の同意がなければ州事を決することができないようにした。知州の目付役の意味で監州とも称された。

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