Shortening

Japanese: ショートニング - しょーとにんぐ(英語表記)shortening
Shortening

It is a processed fat made from vegetable oils and animal fats, which is made into a lard-like or fluid form and gives plasticity and emulsification to foods. It is made from 100% fats and oils, and is mainly used as a raw material for the food industry. The name shortening comes from shortness, and refers to a product that is added to cookies and pies to create a crispy texture. It was created in the United States around 1919 as a substitute for lard. It was created to utilize cottonseed oil, which was produced in large quantities, and to deal with the shortage of lard, and was originally made by mixing cottonseed oil with beef tallow. Later, with the invention of hydrogenated hardened oils, hardened cottonseed oil and soybean oil came to be used mainly as raw materials, and became the basis of today's shortening. It is more stable against oxidation than regular vegetable oils, so it can be used in a wide range of applications. It is used in confectionery and bread making, as well as for cooking such as frying oil, and in ice cream.

[Tomomi Kono and Yonago Yamaguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

植物油、動物脂などを原料にしてラード状または流動状にし、食品に可塑性や乳化性をもたらす加工油脂。油脂が100%で、主として食品工業用原料に使われる。ショートニングの名はショートネスshortness(もろさ、砕けやすさ)に由来し、クッキーやパイに加えてサクサクしたテクスチャー(食感)をつくるものを示している。アメリカでラードの代用品として1919年ごろつくられた。多量に生産される綿実油(めんじつゆ)の利用と、ラード不足に対処する目的でつくりだされたもので、最初は綿実油に牛脂を混ぜてつくられた。その後、水素添加による硬化油の発明により、原料として綿実油や大豆油の硬化したものが主として使われるようになり、現在のショートニングの基礎となった。通常の植物油よりも、酸化に対して安定性がよいため、広範囲に使用することができる。用途としては、製菓、製パン用のほか、揚げ油などの調理用、アイスクリームなどにも使われる。

[河野友美・山口米子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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