Mug - Mug

Japanese: ジョッキ - じょっき
Mug - Mug

A large pitcher-like container with a handle, mainly used for drinking beer. It is said to be a corrupted version of jug. A jug means a wide-mouthed pitcher, bottle, or bottle with a handle, and this seems to have become the name of the beer container. It is also called a mug. It became common around the Middle Ages when common people began to drink beer, but until then it was only used by a few nobles. Various materials have been devised for mugs since ancient times, including wood, bamboo, ceramics, ivory, silver, pewter (an alloy of tin and lead), and glass. When beer was the drink of the upper class before the Middle Ages, silver was the mainstream, but after the Middle Ages when common people began to drink beer, pewter mugs, which are similar to silver but cheaper, became popular. In the 13th century, a very hard ceramic one called salt glaze appeared, which was made by adding rock salt to the furnace when baking. The ceramic pieces were elaborately decorated to represent the characteristics of each country, and included designs of monks and temples, as well as ship patterns in the maritime Netherlands, and portraits and coats of arms in Germany.

When beer comes into contact with air, it oxidizes, losing its flavor and its temperature rises, so a mug with a lid is more suitable. In addition to the design of the container, the nature of the material used and the use of the lid to keep the beer cold are also considered to make it more delicious to drink. There are various volumes ranging from 0.2 to 1 liter, but most are around 0.5 liters.

[Tomomi Kono]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

主としてビールを飲むのに用いられる、取っ手のついた大型の水差し状の容器。ジャッグjugが訛(なま)ったともいわれる。ジャッグとは、広口の水差し、瓶、あるいは取っ手付きの瓶、といった容器の意味で、これがビール用の容器の名前になったようである。マグともいう。ビールが庶民にも飲まれるようになった中世ごろから一般化したが、それまでは一部の高貴な人の間でのみ用いられていた。ジョッキの材料には、古くからいろいろなものがくふうされ、木、竹、陶磁器、象牙(ぞうげ)、銀、ピュータ(錫(すず)と鉛の合金)、ガラスなど種々のものがあげられる。ビールが中世以前の上流階級の飲み物であったときには銀が主流であったが、庶民もビールを飲むようになった中世以降では、銀に似てはいるがより安価なピュータのジョッキが普及した。また13世紀には、サルトグレーズとよばれる、焼き上げるときに岩塩を炉に加えてつくる非常に硬質の陶製のものが現れた。陶製のものは、凝った装飾が施されて国々の特徴がよく表され、僧侶(そうりょ)や寺院のデザインのほか、とくに海洋国のオランダでは船の柄(がら)が、ドイツでは肖像画や紋章が多く描かれた。

 ビールは、空気に触れると酸化が進んで風味が落ちたり、温度が上昇してしまうので、蓋(ふた)付きのジョッキのほうが適している。また容器のデザインとともに、その材料の性質や、ビールの冷たさを蓋を利用して保つなど、おいしく飲めるようにくふうされている。容量は0.2~1リットルくらいまでいろいろあるが、一般的には0.5リットル内外のものが多い。

[河野友美]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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