A ship with two hulls arranged in parallel and connected at the upper deck. It is also called a catamaran. A catamaran is a general term for a raft used in Taiwan, India, and the South Pacific Islands. Because the deck is wide, it is suitable for passenger ships, car ferries, and ships that require a wide work deck. In addition, because of its good lateral stability, passenger rooms can be stacked higher than on a normal ship. In Japan, the first catamaran was the Kurakake Maru (175 gross tons), a sightseeing boat on Lake Ashi in Hakone, built in 1960 (Showa 35). The passenger ship Sea Palace (495 gross tons), built three years later for the Seto Inland Sea route, was the world's first ocean-type catamaran. Also, the car ferry Rokko Maru (2,697 gross tons), built in 1969, was one of the largest catamarans in the world. Since then, in addition to passenger ships, catamarans have been widely adopted for special-purpose ships such as the Japan Coast Guard's marker ships and firefighting ships, oil recovery ships, oceanographic research ships, and sea surface cleaning ships. After the U.S. Navy demonstrated the excellent seaworthiness of the semi-submersible catamaran Kaimalino in 1973, semi-submersible catamarans began to attract attention as a new type of commercial ship. In 1979, the world's first practical passenger ship of this type, the Meisa 80 (692 gross tons, 27 knots), was launched on the Izu Oshima route. By submerging the catamaran section below the water surface, this ship created a hull shape that significantly reduced hull rolling and wave-making resistance and allowed for high speeds. If this advantage could be demonstrated on even larger ships, it would be a groundbreaking new type of ship. [Morita Tomoharu] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
二つの船体を平行に並べて、上甲板の位置で結び付けた船。カタマラン船catamaranともいう。カタマランとは、台湾、インド、南太平洋諸島などで使われる筏(いかだ)の総称である。甲板の幅を広くとれるため、客船、カーフェリー、あるいは広い作業甲板を必要とする船に適している。また、横方向の安定性がよいので普通の船より客室などを高く積み重ねることができる。日本では、1960年(昭和35)に建造された箱根・芦(あし)ノ湖の遊覧船くらかけ丸(175総トン)が最初である。その3年後に建造された瀬戸内海航路の客船シーパレス(495総トン)は、世界で最初の海洋型双胴船であった。また、69年建造のカーフェリー六甲丸(2697総トン)は、世界最大級の双胴船であった。その後これら客船のほか、海上保安庁の設標船、消防船をはじめとして、油回収船、海洋調査船、海面清掃船など特殊用途の船にも双胴船が広く採用されている。73年にアメリカ海軍が半没水型双胴船カイマリノ号で優れた耐航性能を実証してから、半没水型双胴船が新型式の商船として注目されるようになった。79年、この型では世界で最初の実用客船、めいさ80(692総トン、27ノット)が伊豆大島航路に就航した。この船は双胴部分を水面下に沈めることにより、船体動揺および造波抵抗を大幅に減少させ高速を出せる船型をつくりだしたものである。さらに大型の船でもこの利点を発揮できるようになれば、画期的な新型式船となるであろう。 [森田知治] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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