A form of folktale. It is a type of derivative of a full-fledged folktale. A full-fledged folktale has a well-structured story structure with an opening, a development of events, and a conclusion, and is made up of several episodes. A joke is a simpler form of a short story that aims to make the listener laugh. It is believed that jokes developed significantly from the Middle Ages onwards, and in Japan, they spread widely during the Kamakura period when temple monks used them as material for sermons. S. Thompson of the United States classified jokes into (1) stories about foolish villages, (2) stories about foolish wives or husbands, and (3) lies. In Japan, Kunio Yanagita divided jokes into three types: (1) big stories (exaggerated stories), (2) stories about failure to imitate, and (3) stories about fools. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
民話の一形態。本格昔話に対する派生昔話の一種で,本格昔話が話の発端,事件の展開,結末と,整った話型をもち,いくつかのエピソードによって構成されるのに対し,笑話は単純な形式をとり,聞き手に笑いを起させることを目的とする掌編話型となっている。笑話が著しい発達を示したのは,おおむね中世以降とみられ,日本では鎌倉時代に寺院の僧が説経の資料に採用したことによって広い伝播をみたといわれる。アメリカの S.トンプソンは笑話を,(1) 愚か村の話,(2) 愚かな妻または夫の話,(3) うそ話などに分類しているが,日本でも柳田国男が,(1) 大話 (誇張譚) ,(2) まねそこない話,(3) 愚か者話の3つに分けている。
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