Novalis - Novalis (English spelling)

Japanese: ノバーリス - のばーりす(英語表記)Novalis
Novalis - Novalis (English spelling)

A poet representing the German Romantic movement. His real name was Friedrich von Hardenberg. He was born in Oberwiederstedt, Thuringia. He grew up in a pietistic family. He met Friedrich Schlegel while studying at the University of Leipzig, and later also became friends with Tieck, which led to the formation of the early Romantic movement.

At the age of 22, he met 13-year-old Sophie von Kühn and they soon became engaged, but two years later Sophie died of an illness. The experience of his lover's death deeply shook his soul and led him to mystical contemplation. His immersion in the world of death and night led him to compare Sophie's death to the mysteries of Christ's death, which resulted in the creation of "Night Hymn" (1800). He later studied natural science at the mining school in Freiberg, and at the same time, he developed his own view of nature by studying Fichte's philosophy. His attempt to develop this view of nature in the form of a novel was "Disciples of Seyss" (1798). This was written under the concept that the harmony between nature and humans will be brought about by a savior who is the embodiment of supreme love, but it was put on hold and left unfinished. However, the lovely and beautiful fairy tale "Hyacinths and Roses" inserted in the novel fully carries the theme of the entire novel. Thus, he developed his own romantic thoughts on nature, love, philosophy, mathematics, art, music, fairy tales, mythology, morality, magic, etc., and wrote them down in numerous fragments. He established the idea of ​​"magical idealism" as a key word to unlock these thoughts, and as a principle of his creation.

When he got to know Jacob Boehme through Tieck, he sensed a passionate creative spirit in him and decided to start writing a full-length novel by integrating his previous thoughts. This novel was The Blue Flower (original title Heinrich von Ofterdingen, 1799), which is composed of the first part, "Expectation," and the second part, "Realization." The protagonist is named after the medieval poet H. V. Ofterdingen, and the setting is in the Middle Ages. Overall, however, it pursues his romantic ideal of "poetizing the world and making it into a fairy tale." He intended to insert a fairy tale with an important meaning into this part as well, and to make the entire novel into a fairy tale, but the author's early death left it unfinished. Novalis was considered the quintessence of romanticism because of his delicate sensibility and deep thoughts, and The Blue Flower became a symbol of romanticism itself.

[Fumiko Imaizumi]

"The Student of Zais" translated by Takeo Komaki (1949, Kadokawa Shoten)""The Story of Hyacinth and Rose" translated by Kazuo Okubo (1950, Misuzu Shobo)

[Reference] | Blue Flower | Night Hymn

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ・ロマン派を代表する詩人。本名フリードリヒ・フォン・ハルデンベルク。チューリンゲンのオーバーウィーダーシュテット生まれ。敬虔(けいけん)主義的な雰囲気の家庭に育つ。ライプツィヒ大学時代にフリードリヒ・シュレーゲルと知り合い、その後またティークとも親交を結び、初期ロマン派が形成された。

 22歳のとき、13歳の少女ゾフィー・フォン・キューンと出会い、やがて婚約するが、2年後にゾフィーは病死した。この恋人の死の体験が深く彼の魂を揺さぶり、神秘主義的思索へといざなった。死や夜の世界に沈潜することから、ゾフィーの死をキリストの死の秘儀に重ね、『夜の賛歌』(1800)が生まれた。やがて彼はフライベルクの鉱山学校で自然科学を学び、かつまた一方でフィヒテ哲学を研究することにより、独自の自然観を形成した。この自然観を小説という形で展開しようとしたのが『ザイスの弟子たち』(1798)である。これは、自然と人間との融和は至高の愛の具現者である救世主によってもたらされるという構想のもとに書かれたが、休筆されて未完のままに終わっている。だが、挿入されている愛らしく美しいメルヒェン『ヒヤシンスと薔薇(ばら)』は小説全体のテーマを十分に担いえている。こうして、自然や愛について、あるいは哲学、数学、芸術、音楽、メルヒェン、神話、道徳、魔術などについて独自のロマン主義的思索を展開し、数多くの断章にそれらを書き留めた。こうした一連の思索を解く鍵言葉(キーワード)、また創作の原理として、「魔術的観念論」という考えを打ち立てた。

 やがてティークによりヤーコプ・ベーメを知るや、そのなかに熱い創造の息吹を感じた彼は、それまでの思索を総合する形で、本格的な長編小説にとりかかろうと決心する。それが小説『青い花』(原題『ハインリッヒ・フォン・オフターディンゲン』、1799)であるが、これは第一部『期待』、第二部『実現』という構成で、主人公には中世の歌人H・v・オフターディンゲンの名を借り、場面もまた中世に置いているが、全体として、「世界を詩化し、メルヒェンとする」という彼のロマン主義的理想を追求したものである。ここにも重要な意味のあるメルヒェンが挿入され、かつ小説全体がメルヒェンになるように企図されていたが、作者の夭折(ようせつ)のため未完に終わった。ノバーリスはその繊細な感性と深い思索のためにロマン派の精華とされ、『青い花』はロマン主義そのものの象徴ともなった。

[今泉文子]

『小牧健夫訳『ザイスの学徒』(1949・角川書店)』『大久保和郎訳『ヒヤシンスと薔薇の花の物語』(1950・みすず書房)』

[参照項目] | 青い花 | 夜の賛歌

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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