Annexation - Heigou (English spelling)

Japanese: 併合 - へいごう(英語表記)annexation
Annexation - Heigou (English spelling)

A method of territorial acquisition recognized under international law, in which one country cedes all of a territory to another country by agreement. It differs from cession in that the annexation acquires not only a part of the territory of the donor country, but all of it. By annexation, the annexed country loses its existence as a nation and disappears. In this respect, it is the same as conquest, so some people understand annexation and conquest together as annexation in a broad sense, but they are different in that conquest is carried out unilaterally using force, while annexation is carried out by agreement. However, conquest is no longer recognized today under international law, with the establishment of the principle of prohibiting the use of force in international relations. Annexation has also long been considered to be based on agreement, but there are many cases where it was actually done by coercion. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969 made the conclusion of a treaty based on the threat or use of force a cause for invalidation of the treaty, so in the future, even if an annexation treaty is concluded, it will be necessary to ask later whether it was a sham agreement or a true agreement.

[Taijudo Kanae and Hirobe Kazuya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

国際法上認められる領域取得の方式の一つで、ある国が他の国との合意によって、領域の全部を譲り受けることをいう。割譲と異なるところは、譲渡国の領域の一部でなく、全部を取得することである。併合により、併合される国は国家としての存在を失って消滅する。この点で征服と同じであるから、併合と征服とをあわせて広義の併合として理解するむきもあるが、征服が実力を用いて一方的に行われるのに対し、併合は合意によるものである点で区別される。しかし、征服は国際法上、国際関係における武力行使禁止の原則の成立に伴い、もはや今日では認められない。併合も、昔から合意に基づくとされながら、実は強制によるものであった例が少なくない。1969年の「条約法に関するウィーン条約」で、武力による威嚇および武力の行使に基づく条約の締結は条約の無効原因とされたので、今後は、併合条約が成立しても、見せかけの合意か真の合意かが、あとで問われなければならない。

[太寿堂鼎・広部和也]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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