Condition - Condition

Japanese: 条件 - じょうけん

〘noun〙① A clause in an agreement or contract; an item; a passage; also, matters that limit or restrict things. [Nisshi Hiyori Gofurei Jihen (Dictionary of Diary and Contracts) (1868)] *Things Called Impermanence (1942) by Kobayashi Hideo, "To what natural conditions did my mental disposition adapt?" [Hokushi - Sokukiden] ② Circumstances that are indispensable for the establishment or occurrence of things. Matters necessary for things to come into existence. [Eiwa Gaikou Shogyo Jihen (Dictionary of English and Japanese Diplomatic Affairs and Commerce) (1900)] *I Am a Cat (1905-06) by Natsume Soseki, seventh sentence, "In this way , clothing is important to humans as well. It is a condition as important as whether humans are clothing or clothing is humans." ③ Circumstances involved in doing something. ※Vacuum Zone (1952)〈Noma Hiroshi〉6 "He is married but has no children yet, so Uchimura was the only one who thought the conditions were somewhat favorable." ④ A restrictive clause that makes the occurrence or disappearance of the effect of a legal act dependent on the occurrence or non-occurrence of a fact that may or may not occur in the future. Also, that fact. For example, "I will pay your tuition if you enroll" or "I will stop giving you scholarship if you fail" are examples. ※Civil Code (1896) Article 131 "In cases where the condition has already been fulfilled at the time of the legal act." ⑤ In mathematics. (a) p in the proposition "if p, then q." Assumption. Hypothesis. (b) The designation of proposition q for p when both "if p, then q" and "if q, then p" are true. A necessary and sufficient condition. (c) A property that all elements of a set A that belong to a certain subset B of A have, but that those that do not belong to B never have. To avoid confusion, it is often called "a condition on the elements of A." Conditional proposition. Propositional function. ⑥ In philosophy, it refers to the condition clause A in an implication-type proposition such as "If A, then B." It also refers to a necessary cause, as distinguished from a sufficient cause. ⑦ Grammatically, it serves as a modifier that expresses the reason, cause, trigger, or constraint that makes a statement valid. It can have definite or hypothetical content, and its relationship with the statement can be determined by occasional judgment or always determined. [Glossary] In Chinese classics, it was used in the sense of ①, and the same was true in Japan, but after it was used as a translation of "condition," it came to be used exclusively in the sense of ②.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 約束ごとや契約などの箇条。項目。くだり。また、物事について限定したり制約したりする事柄。〔日誌必用御布令字引（1868）〕※無常といふ事（1942）〈小林秀雄〉「どの様な自然の諸条件に、僕の精神のどの様な性質が順応したのだらうか」〔北史‐即基伝〕② 物事の成立・生起に欠くことのできない事情。物事が実現するのに必要な事柄。〔英和外交商業字彙（1900）〕※吾輩は猫である（1905‐06）〈夏目漱石〉七「衣服は斯(かく)の如く人間にも大事なものである。人間が衣服か、衣服が人間かと云ふ位重要な条件である」③ ある物事をするにあたっての事情。※真空地帯（1952）〈野間宏〉六「妻帯はしているがまだ子供がないのでいくらか条件がよいというのは内村だけだった」④ 法律行為の効果の発生や消滅を、将来発生するかどうか不明な事実の成否にかからせる制限約款。また、その事実。たとえば「入学したら学費を出す」とか、「落第したら給費をやめる」というのがこれにあたる。※民法（明治二九年）（1896）一三一条「条件が法律行為の当時既に成就せる場合に於て」⑤ 数学でいう。(イ) 命題「ｐならばｑ」におけるｐ。仮定。仮説。(ロ) 「ｐならばｑ」「ｑならばｐ」がいずれも真であるときの、命題ｑのｐに対する称。必要十分条件。(ハ) 集合Ａの要素のうち、Ａの或る一定の部分集合Ｂに属するものはすべて持つが、属さないものは決して持たないような性質。混乱を避けるために、「Ａの要素に対する条件」ということが多い。条件命題。命題関数。⑥ 哲学で、「もしＡならばＢ」という含意型命題の中の条件節Ａをさす。また、十分原因と区別して、必要原因をさす。⑦ 文法上、一つの陳述に対して、それを成立させる理由、原因、きっかけ、制約などを表わす修飾成分の役割。確定的、仮定的な内容をもつ場合があり、また、陳述との関係が随時の判断による場合と、常時定まっている場合がある。[語誌]漢籍では①の意味で用いられ、日本でも同様であったが、condition の訳語として使われたことが契機となって以後、専ら②の意味で使用されるようになった。

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