A Buddhist implement used to set the rhythm of sutra chanting and chanting. It is generally made of camphor or other wood, is hollow, and has fish scales carved into part of its surface. It is placed on a small futon and struck with a stick with a cloth wrapped around the end. It originally evolved from a fish drum (gyoku) (fish board) that was struck as a signal to gather the masses at Zen temples, and changed into a fan shape, and then into a shape of two dragons with one head facing each other and containing a single bead, and came to be called a mokugyo. In China, it took on its current shape around the Ming dynasty, and in Japan, there are remains from the Muromachi period, and it seems to have been used since then, but it is also said to have been brought to Japan by Ingen Ryūki, who came to Japan at the beginning of the Edo period. It is mainly used in Zen, Tendai, and Jodo sects. At one time, the Jodo sect banned its use as it was considered against their doctrine, but nowadays it is widely used when chanting Buddhist prayers. Mokugyo were also widely used as musical instruments. In China, they were used as folk instruments during the Qing Dynasty under Emperor Qianlong (reigned 1735-95), and in Japan during the Edo period they were incorporated into Kabuki geza music as "mokugyo iriaikata." After World War II, American jazz drummers added small mokugyo to their drum sets, and in recent years they have been modified and incorporated into drum sets as wood blocks. [Yoshinobu Nakao] ©Katsuya Nishikawa "> Wooden Fish Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
読経(どきょう)や唱題(しょうだい)などの調子をとるために用いる仏具。一般にクスノキなどの木を材料とし、球形の内を空洞にして表面の一部に魚鱗(ぎょりん)の彫刻をしてある。小蒲団(ふとん)の上に置き、先端に布を巻いた棒で打ち鳴らす。もともと禅院で大衆を集める合図として打ち鳴らした魚鼓(ぎょく)(魚板(ぎょばん))から発展し、団扇(うちわ)形に変化し、さらに二頭一身の竜が向き合って一つの珠(たま)を含む形となり、木魚とよばれるようになった。中国では明(みん)代ころに現在みられるような形となり、日本では室町時代の遺品もあり、当時から使われていたようであるが、江戸時代の初めに渡来した隠元隆琦(いんげんりゅうき)が請来したともいわれている。おもに禅宗、天台宗、浄土宗などで使用する。浄土宗では一時、宗義に反するとして使用が禁じられたが、現在は念仏を唱えるときに重用されている。 木魚は楽器としても多く用いられた。中国では清(しん)代乾隆(けんりゅう)帝(在位1735~95)のころ民俗楽器として用いられ、日本では江戸時代、「木魚入合方(いりあいかた)」として歌舞伎下座(かぶきげざ)音楽に取り入れられた。第二次世界大戦後にはアメリカのジャズ・ドラマーによって、小形の木魚がそのままドラム・セットに加えられ、近年は形を変えてウッド・ブロックとしてドラム・セットに編入されている。 [中尾良信] ©西川勝也"> 木魚 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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