Shang-jun-shu (English: Book of the Shang King)

Japanese: 商君書 - しょうくんしょ（英語表記）Shang-jun-shu

A collection of political treatises from the Warring States period in China. 24 volumes. Also called "Shangzi." It is said to have been written by Shang Yang, a politician of the Warring States period and one of the founders of the Legalist school, but it includes descriptions after Shang Yang. Since "Han Feizi" mentions that the book existed at the time, the main part must have been compiled at the end of the Warring States period. There were 29 volumes in the Han dynasty, but 5 volumes were lost during the Song dynasty, and 24 volumes and 2 volumes remain today. The book's main focus was land reclamation and military merit, and it restricted the privileges of the nobility to increase the labor force, encouraged branch families, opened up farmland to cultivators, prohibited the machinations of the various sons, rejected scholarship and literature, suppressed commerce, and adopted a policy of severe punishment, established a system of collective responsibility among neighboring states, and advocated the unification of taxation and weights and measures, showing a typical example of cruel national governance.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，戦国時代の政論集。 24編。『商子』ともいう。戦国時代の政治家で，法家の祖の一人，商鞅 (しょうおう) の著と伝えられるが，商鞅以後の記述を含む。『韓非子』に当時その書が存したとあるから，戦国時代末期にその主要部が編集されていたであろう。漢代に 29編あったが，宋代に5編を失い，24編と編名2が現存。土地の開墾と戦功をあげることを国策の主眼とし，労働力増加のため貴族の特権を抑制し，分家を奨励し，耕作者に耕地を解放し，諸子遊説の策謀を禁じ，学問，文学を排し，商業を押え，また厳罰主義をとり，隣保の連座制をしき，税制，度量衡の統一を説き，酷薄な国家統治の典型を示している。

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