A type of skin preparation that is applied or stuck to the skin or mucous membrane to protect, preserve, disinfect, soothe, soften crusts, and absorb medicine and cause granulation. Depending on the shape and consistency, it can be called an ointment, plaster, bandage, paste, etc. Ointments are those that can be easily applied to the skin at room temperature. Plasters are solid at room temperature and are generally warmed to soften them before application to the skin, or softened by body heat before application. They are divided into three types according to the base ingredients and adhesiveness: fatty acid lead plaster (simple lead plaster), resin plaster (for example, pine resin plaster), and elastic rubber plaster. Elastic rubber plaster is used as a bandage. Pick's plaster, which uses simple lead plaster as a base, contains salicylic acid and soap and is a "suction plaster" that is applied locally to suppurative swellings such as carbuncles and boils. Speel plaster, a bandage containing 50% salicylic acid, is used to remove warts and corns. Plasters are applied by spreading them on Japanese paper, but many commercially available products are spread on cloth. When people say plasters, they usually mean these plasters. Nowadays, apart from bandages, they are only found in a few household remedies. Ointments have also become more and more hydrophilic cream-like, and they no longer feel like plasters. Pastes are ointment-like external preparations that contain a large amount of powdered medicine, and Wilson Paste (zinc oxide lard ointment) is well-known, but pastes are rarely used except for dental use. Recently, patches (tapes), which are made of plastic tape with medicine and adhesive attached, are trying to replace plasters. [Fumiji Koho] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
皮膚外用剤の一種で、皮膚または粘膜に塗ったり貼(は)り付けたりして、その保護、防腐、殺菌、緩和、痂皮(かひ)(かさぶた)軟化をはじめ、薬物の吸収や肉芽の発生を期待するものをいう。その形状や稠度(ちゅうど)(粘り気の度合い)によって軟膏、硬膏、絆創膏(ばんそうこう)、パスタ剤などがある。 軟膏剤は常温で容易に皮膚に塗れるものをいう。硬膏剤は常温では固形で、一般的には暖めて軟らかくして皮膚に貼り付けるか、体温で軟化して皮膚に貼り付けるもので、基剤の成分および粘着性によって脂肪酸鉛(なまり)硬膏(単鉛硬膏)、樹脂硬膏(たとえば松脂(まつやに)硬膏)、弾性ゴム硬膏の三つに分けられる。弾性ゴム硬膏は絆創膏として用いられる。単鉛硬膏を基剤としたものにピック膏があるが、これはサリチル酸とせっけんを含有したもので、癰(よう)や疔(ちょう)など化膿(かのう)性の腫(は)れ物の際に局所に適用する「吸出し膏薬」である。絆創膏にサリチル酸を50%含有させたスピール膏は、いぼ、うおのめ取りに用いられる。硬膏類は和紙に伸ばして用いるが、市販品は布に展延したものが多い。膏薬というと、この硬膏をさすことが多い。現在では絆創膏以外は家庭薬の一部にしかみられない。軟膏も親水性のクリーム状のものが多くなり、膏薬という感じが少なくなった。パスタ剤は粉末薬を多量に含む軟膏様の外用剤で、ウイルソンパスタ(亜鉛華豚脂軟膏)が有名であるが、パスタ剤も歯科用を除きほとんど使用されなくなった。最近では、プラスチック製テープに薬剤と粘着剤をつけた貼付(ちょうふ)剤(テープ)が膏薬にかわろうとしている。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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