Gut Hormones

Japanese: 消化管ホルモン

Since the discovery of secretin and gastrin in the early 20th century, many gastrointestinal hormones have been discovered and their physiological functions have been studied. Gastric hormones were previously thought to be synthesized in endocrine cells and travel through the bloodstream to act on distant organs (endocrine hormones), but some are also present in nerve cells and function as neurotransmitters (neurotransmitters) and some act locally in tissues (paracrine hormones). Currently, not only peptide hormones but also amines such as serotonin are considered to be gastrointestinal hormones. It has been shown that many gastrointestinal hormones are present not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also in the central nervous system, and crosstalk between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system has been found to play an important role in gastrointestinal function, feeding regulation, and energy metabolism (brain-gut axis) (Figure 8-1-20). The pathophysiological significance of the diseases and conditions related to gastrointestinal hormones shown in Table 8-1-5 has only just begun to be elucidated, and many points remain unknown, so this is an area where great progress is expected from future research. [Tsai Ming-Lun and Inui Akio]
■ References
Chen CY, Asakawa A, et al: Ghrelin gene products and the regulation of food intake and gut motility. Pharmacol Rev, 61: 430-481, 2009.
Kamiji MM, Inui A: Neuropeptide y receptor selective ligands in the treatment of obesity. Endocr Rev, 28: 664-684, 2007.

Table 8-1-5
Secretory organs and functions of gastrointestinal hormones ">

Table 8-1-5

Figure 8-1-20
Distribution of gut hormones and brain-gut interaction

Figure 8-1-20

Gastrointestinal hormones (endocrine disorders)

(4) Gastrointestinal hormones The gastrointestinal tract itself has an endocrine function and secretes various hormones. Representative diseases include Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and WDHA syndrome. [Takafumi Ando and Hidemi Goto]

Source : Internal Medicine, 10th Edition About Internal Medicine, 10th Edition Information

Japanese:

20世紀初頭にセクレチンやガストリンが発見されて以来，多くの消化管ホルモンが発見され，その生理的機能が研究されてきた．消化管ホルモンは内分泌細胞で合成され，血流に乗って遠方の臓器で作用する（endocrine hormone）と考えられてきたが，神経細胞にも存在し，神経伝達物質として機能するもの（neurotransmitter）や，組織局所に作用するもの（paracrine hormone）も存在し，現在ではペプチドホルモンのみならずセロトニンなどのアミンも含め消化管ホルモンと考えられている．消化管ホルモンの多くが，消化管のみならず中枢にも存在することが示され，消化管と中枢のクロストークが，消化管機能や摂食調節・エネルギー代謝において重要な役割を果たすことがわかってきた（脳腸相関）（図8-1-20）．表8-1-5に示した消化管ホルモンの関連疾患・病態の病態生理的意義については，解明の端緒についたばかりで不明な点も多く，今後の研究により大きな発展が期待される領域である．［蔡　明倫・乾　明夫］
■文献
Chen CY, Asakawa A, et al: Ghrelin gene products and the regulation of food intake and gut motility. Pharmacol Rev, 61: 430-481, 2009.
Kamiji MM, Inui A: Neuropeptide y receptor selective ligands in the treatment of obesity. Endocr Rev, 28: 664-684, 2007.

表8-1-5
消化管ホルモンの分泌器官と機能">

表8-1-5

図8-1-20
消化管ホルモンの分布と脳腸相関">

図8-1-20