Shunjo

A monk who strictly adhered to the precepts from the end of the Heian period to the early Kamakura period. His pen name was Fukaki and his pen name was Gazenbo. He was born in Akita County, Higo Province (Kumamoto Prefecture). He was abandoned by the roadside when he was three days old, but was raised by monks at the temple with a deep connection to Buddhism, and at the age of 14 he studied Tendai and Shingon under Shinshun. From the age of 27, he devoted himself to training while observing the precepts, traveling between Nara and Kyoto to master the precepts of the Mahayana and Xiana sects. After that, he lived in seclusion at Shohoji Temple in Tsutsugatake, Higo (Arao City), where he practiced zazen and maintained the precepts, teaching people of all ranks. In 1199 (Shoji 1), he traveled to Song China and visited Mount Tiantai and other places, where he studied Zen under Mouan Genso (1136-1209) in Jingshan and Vinaya under Ruan Ryokou in Simingshan, and Tendai for eight years under Kitamine Soin (1149-1214) at Chaoguo Temple in Jiaxing Prefecture (Zhejiang Province). In 1211 (Kenryaku 1), he returned to Kyoto with many classic texts, calligraphy and paintings on Vinaya, Tendai, Kegon, Confucianism and Taoism. He was friends with Eisai and Jokei. In 1213, Nakahara Doken donated Senyuji Temple (later Sennyuji Temple) in Higashiyama to him, where he lived and became close friends with Emperor Gotoba and Michiie Kujo. He passed away at the age of 62 in the first year of the Antei era. Emperor Meiji gave him the posthumous title of Gachirin Daishi. He wrote books such as "Sanzenbiken" and "Nanzan Shugi Yosho," as well as writings such as "Seishukishiki," "Sennyuji Kanjinsho," and "Dendō Bōryō Iromoku."

[Mitsuyuki Ishida July 19, 2017]

"A Study on the Establishment of Kamakura Buddhism: Shunsetsu Venerable Master" edited by Ishida Mitsuyuki (1972, Hozokan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安末から鎌倉初期の戒律厳守の僧。字(あざな)は不可棄(ふかき)、号は我禅房(がぜんぼう)。肥後(ひご)国（熊本県）飽田(あきた)郡に生まれる。生後3日で路傍に捨てられたが、仏縁深く寺僧に育てられ、14歳で真俊(しんしゅん)に天台、真言を学ぶ。27歳より戒律を守って修行に専念、奈良と京都を往復して大小乗の戒律を究めたのち、肥後筒嶽(つつがだけ)（荒尾市）正法寺に蟄居(ちっきょ)、坐禅(ざぜん)持戒して、貴賤(きせん)を教化した。1199年（正治1）渡宋(とそう)、天台山などを経て、径山(きんざん)の蒙庵元聡(もうあんげんそう)（1136―1209）に禅を、四明山(しめいざん)の如庵了宏(にょあんりょうこう)に律を学び、嘉興府(かこうふ)（浙江(せっこう)省）超果教院の北峯宗印(ほくほうそういん)（1149―1214）に8年間天台を学んだ。1211年（建暦1）、律、天台、華厳(けごん)、儒道などの典籍、書画を多数もって帰洛(きらく)した。栄西(えいさい)、貞慶(じょうけい)と交遊。1213年、中原道賢(なかはらどうけん)から東山の仙遊寺（後の泉涌寺(せんにゅうじ)）を寄進されて住し、後鳥羽院(ごとばいん)、九条道家(くじょうみちいえ)らと親しんだ。安貞(あんてい)元年、62歳で寂。明治天皇から月輪(がちりん)大師と諡号(しごう)。著書『三千備檢(びけん)』『南山宗旨要抄』などのほか、「清衆規式」「泉涌寺勧進疏(かんじんしょ)」「殿堂房寮色目」などの遺文がある。

［石田充之　2017年7月19日］

『石田充之編『鎌倉仏教成立の研究　俊芿律師』（1972・法蔵館）』

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