Spring and Autumn Dew

Written by Dong Zhongshu of the Western Han Dynasty in China, this book elucidates the spirit of the Spring and Autumn Annals from the perspective of Gongyang studies. It consists of 17 volumes and 82 chapters. The title of the book is not the author's, and some of the 82 chapters are later forgeries. In addition to the parts that explain the ideals entrusted to the Spring and Autumn Annals, it also contains chapters that clarify the meaning of Confucianism in general and are thought to be memorials to the throne. There are many noteworthy theories in this work, such as the theory of strengthening and restraining sovereignty, the argument that respects virtue and affirms punishment, the ethical emphasis on motivation while accepting result-based principles and preaching power, and its theory of ritual and music, the theory of the correlation between heaven and man (the law of correspondence between heaven and man), the proposal of a different theory of yin and yang disasters, its view of politics and economy, especially its theory of revolution, its strict theory of expelling foreigners, and its emphasis on revenge, not only shaped the direction of Han dynasty Confucianism, but also had a great influence on the Gongyang school in the late Qing dynasty.

[Toshiaki Hihara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、前漢の董仲舒(とうちゅうじょ)の著。公羊学(くようがく)の立場から『春秋』の精神を解明した書。17巻82篇(へん)。書名は著者の命名でなく、82篇のなかに後世の偽作もある。『春秋』に託された理念を説いた部分のほか、広く儒教の意味を明らかにしたもの、上奏文と思われる篇も含む。君主権を強化し抑制する理論、徳を尊重し刑を肯定する主張、倫理学的に動機を重視するとともに結果主義を認め、また権を説くなど、注目すべき論理が多く、その礼楽(れいがく)説、天人相関の理論（天と人との対応の法則）、陰陽災異説の提起、政治経済観とりわけ革命理論、厳しい攘夷(じょうい)論、復讐(ふくしゅう)の強調など、漢代儒教を方向づけただけでなく、清(しん)朝末期の公羊学派にも大きな影響を与えた。

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