Jurakudai - Jurakudai

A castle-style mansion built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Kyoto. It is located in Uchino, Kyoto (south of Ichijo, north of Nijo, west of Omiya-dori, east of Jofukuji-dori) on the site of the former Heian-kyo Imperial Palace. According to Hideyoshi's assistant, Omura Yuko's Juraku Gyoko-ki, "It is a place where one can gather the joy of eternal youth," which is said to be the origin of the name Juraku. Construction began in February 1586 (Tensho 14), and building materials such as timber, cypress bark roofing, stone, and nails were requisitioned from various provinces, and the various daimyo were obliged to pay the construction fees. Regarding the situation, Eishun, a monk at Tamon-in Temple of Kofuku-ji Temple, wrote in the Tamon-in Diary, "The construction of the inner field compound began on the 21st of last month. The major matters were not handled by the people of the various provinces themselves, and it was a matter that needed to be resolved."

Specialized craftsmen were mobilized for the construction, and the finest architectural techniques were put to use. Famous trees and unusual stones were lined up in the garden, the palace was inlaid with cloisonne, and the roofing tiles were painted gold. It was completed in September of the following year, 1587, and Hideyoshi took up residence there. Many daimyo also built mansions around Jurakudai, competing with each other for splendor and extravagance. In January 1588, Hideyoshi began preparations for Emperor Goyozei's visit to Jurakudai, and in April of the same year, the Emperor visited. In this way, Regent Hideyoshi demonstrated his dignity to the nation. In December 1591, prior to handing over the position of Regent to Hidetsugu, Hideyoshi bestowed Jurakudai to Hidetsugu. However, in July 1595 (4th year of Bunroku), Hidetsugu was suspected of treason and exiled to Mount Koya, where he committed suicide, and Jurakudai was destroyed. Remains of Jurakudai include the Karamon Gate of Daitokuji Temple and Hiunkaku of Nishi Honganji Temple.

[Kitajima Manji]

"History of the Toyotomi Period" by Yoshinari Tanaka (1925, Meiji Shoin)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉が京都に造営した城郭風の邸宅。位置は京都の内野（一条の南、二条の北、大宮通の西、浄福寺通の東）の旧平安京内裏(だいり)跡にあたる。秀吉の祐筆(ゆうひつ)大村由己(ゆうこ)の『聚楽行幸記』によれば、「長生不老の楽をあつむるものなり」とあり、これが聚楽の名称由来といわれている。工事着工は1586年（天正14）2月、諸国から材木、檜皮葺(ひわだぶ)き、石材、釘(くぎ)などの建築用材を徴発し、諸大名はその普請(ふしん)課役を負った。そのありさまにつき、興福寺多聞院(たもんいん)の僧英俊(えいしゅん)は「去(さる)廿一日ヨリ内野御構普請、大物以下事々敷、諸国衆自身自身之ヲ沙汰(さた)ス、ヲヒタゝシキ事也」（『多聞院日記』）と記している。

　造営には専業化された職人を動員し建築技術の粋を凝らした。庭には名木、奇石を並べ、御殿には七宝をちりばめ、瓦(かわら)には金を塗った。翌87年9月に落成し、秀吉はここに住んだ。諸大名も聚楽第の周辺に屋敷を構え、華麗豪奢(ごうしゃ)を競った。88年1月、秀吉は後陽成(ごようぜい)天皇の聚楽第行幸の準備を始め、同年4月、行幸を受けた。これにより、関白秀吉はその威厳を天下に示した。91年12月、秀吉は関白職を秀次(ひでつぐ)に譲るに先だち、聚楽第を秀次に与えた。しかし、95年（文禄4）7月、秀次が謀反の疑いで高野山(こうやさん)に逐(お)われて自殺するや、聚楽第は破却された。聚楽第の遺構としては大徳寺(だいとくじ)唐門(からもん)、西本願寺飛雲閣(ひうんかく)が現存している。

［北島万次］

『田中義成著『豊臣時代史』（1925・明治書院）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例