1797‐1871 A leader of the liberation struggle of the mountain peoples of Dagestan and Chechnya in the North Caucasus. Son of a free Avar peasant. In the 1820s, the main force in the liberation struggle in the North Caucasus was a militant religious group that advocated a holy war against Russian colonialism. They followed a branch of Islam called Muridism and fought for liberation under the absolute authority of a religious leader, an imam, and in the late 1920s and early 1930s they established an imamate in Dagestan and Chechnya. Shamili led this group together with the first imam, Qazi Muhammad, and became the third imam in 1834. For the next 25 years, he won many victories against the Russian Tsar's army and reigned as the supreme leader of the imamate, both religious and secular. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1797‐1871 北カフカスのダゲスタン,チェチェンの山岳諸民族の解放闘争の指導者。アバール人の自由農民の子。1820年代,北カフカスの解放闘争の主力となったのはロシアの植民地化政策に対する聖戦を唱える戦闘的教団であった。彼らは,イスラムの一宗派ミュリディズムを奉じ,宗教的指導者イマームの絶対的権威の下で解放闘争を行い,20年代末~30年代初めにダゲスタン,チェチェンにイマーム国家を建設するにいたった。シャミーリは初代イマームのカジ・マホメットとともにこれを指導,34年3代目イマームとなり,以後25年間にわたり,ロシア・ツァーリ軍に対し幾多の勝利を収め,イマーム国家の教権・俗権の最高指導者として君臨した。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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