When r items are taken from n items that are distinct from one another and arranged in a certain order, it is called a permutation. The total number of such arrangements, that is, permutations of r items taken from n items, is given by . Also, when r items are taken from n distinct items and the order is not considered, it is called a combination. The number of combinations that take r items from n items is expressed as n C r or , and is . For example, the number of permutations in which 4 people are selected from 10 people and arranged in a line is 10 P 4 = 10・9・8・7 = 5040, and when there are 6 teams in a league match in which each 2 teams play each other once, the number of games is . Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
n個の互いに区別のつくものからr個取って,ある順序に並べたものを順列という。そのような並べ方,すなわちn個のものからr個を取った順列が全部でいくとおりあるかは,で与えられる。また,異なるn個のものからr個を取り出し順序は考えないとき,それを組合せという。n個からr個を取る組合せの数はnCrまたはで表され,である。例えば,10人の人から4人を選んで一列に並べる順列の数は,10P4=10・9・8・7=5040であり,6チームで,各2チームが1回ずつ対戦するリーグ戦を行うとき,試合数はである。
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