A theory of interest rate determination that posits that interest rates are determined at a level that balances flow savings (the portion of savings that increases or decreases over a certain period of time) and investment. It considers the supply and demand for loanable funds over a certain period of time, and emphasizes factors such as the savings rate and the marginal efficiency of investment as determining factors of interest rates. It is a theory that contrasts with the liquidity preference theory, which emphasizes stock. There are various theories on interest rate determination, but in classical economics, it was believed that interest rates were determined at the point where savings and investment were equal. The modern version of this classical interest theory is the loanable funds theory, which was advocated by D. H. Robertson and B. G. Ohlin (also known as the neoclassical interest theory). According to this theory, interest rates are determined by the demand and supply of loanable funds, and the determining factor of the supply and demand of loanable funds determines the interest rate. Demand factors for loanable funds include investment and hoarding (demand for funds to increase the currency balance, i.e., money demand), while supply factors for loanable funds include savings and credit creation by financial institutions. In other words, interest rates are determined by both the real aspect of demand for capital goods (investment) and supply for capital goods (phenomenon resulting from savings), as well as the monetary aspect of demand and supply of money. In short, as shown in , i0 , determined by the intersection of savings ( S ) and investment ( I ), is the interest rate according to classical theory, while Keynes's liquidity preference theory states that the interest rate is determined only by the demand for money ( Δ L ) and supply ( Δ M ), and is indicated by i1 . The loanable funds theory states that the desired interest rate is the intersection i2 of the demand for loanable funds, I + Δ L , and the supply of loanable funds, S + Δ M.In this respect, it can be said to be a synthesis of classical theory and liquidity preference theory, but the loanable funds theory is a flow analysis that deals with the demand and supply of loanable funds over a certain period of time, and monetary factors are also limited to flows, which differs from the stock analysis of the liquidity preference theory. [Tsutomu Muramoto] "The Theory of Money, 2nd Edition (1974, Toyo Keizai Shinposha), by W.T. Newlin, edited by Akira Koizumi, translated by Ryoji Yamada and Toshiya Hanawa" ▽ "Interest Rates, by Tetsuo Adachi (1975, Kinzai Jijo Kenkyukai)" [References] | | | |©Shogakukan "> Loanable funds theory (relationship between interest rate and amount of loanable funds)… Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
利子率の決定に関する理論の一つで、フローの貯蓄(貯蓄のうち一定期間中に増減する部分)と投資を均衡させる水準に金利が決まるという考え方。一定期間内の貸付資金に対する需給を考えるもので、貯蓄率や投資の限界効率などが金利の決定要因として重視される。ストック重視の流動性選好説に対比される学説である。利子率決定理論にはさまざまな学説があるが、古典派とよばれる経済学では利子率は貯蓄と投資が等しくなるところで決定されるものと考えられていた。この古典派利子理論の近代版が貸付資金説で、D・H・ロバートソンやB・G・オリーンによって主張されたものである(新古典派利子理論ともいわれる)。この理論によれば、利子率は貸付資金の需要と供給によって決定され、貸付資金の需給の決定要因が利子率を決定することとなる。貸付資金の需要要因としては、投資と保蔵(貨幣残高増加のための資金需要、つまり貨幣需要)がある一方、貸付資金の供給要因としては、貯蓄と金融機関の信用創造があげられる。つまり、利子率は、資本財に対する需要(投資)と資本財に対する供給(貯蓄の結果としての現象)という実物的な側面ばかりでなく、貨幣の需要・供給という貨幣的な側面も視野に入れて、その両者によって決定されることとなる。簡潔には、 で示したように、貯蓄(S)と投資(I)の交点で決定されるi0が古典派理論による利子率であるのに対し、ケインズの流動性選好説では貨幣の需要(ΔL)と供給(ΔM)のみによって利子率は決定されるとするので、それはi1で示されることとなる。貸付資金説は、I+ΔLという貸付資金の需要と、S+ΔMという貸付資金の供給の交点i2が求める利子率であるとする。この点で、古典派理論と流動性選好説を総合しているともいえるが、貸付資金説は一定期間における貸付資金の需要・供給を問題とするフロー分析であり、貨幣的要因もフローに限定されている点で、流動性選好説のストック分析とは異なっている。 [村本 孜] 『W・T・ニューリン著、小泉明監修、山田良治・花輪俊哉訳『貨幣の理論』第2版(1974・東洋経済新報社)』▽『阿達哲雄著『金利』(1975・金融財政事情研究会)』 [参照項目] | | | |©Shogakukan"> 貸付資金説(利子率と貸付資金量の関係)… 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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