The phenomenon in which the spectral lines of atoms or molecules placed in an electric field are split by the action of the electric field. It was discovered in 1913 by the German physicist Stark. There is a primary effect, in which the magnitude of the split is proportional to the strength of the electric field, and a secondary effect, in which the split is proportional to the square of the electric field. The former appears only in hydrogen or hydrogen-like atoms (atoms or ions with only one electron in addition to the atomic nucleus, such as the helium ion He + ), but its magnitude is much larger than the secondary effect seen in general atoms. Since an extremely strong electric field is required to observe the secondary Stark effect, the Roth-Surd method, which utilizes the cathode potential drop phenomenon of a vacuum discharge, is used. In addition, if hydrogen atoms or helium ions are contained in a plasma created by a discharge, the spectral lines will be broadened by the influence of the surrounding ions and electrons, so it is used to measure the density of ions and electrons in the plasma. [Ryuto Onaka] "Introduction to Lasers" by Toshiharu Tako and Misaho Ooi (1985, Kyoritsu Publishing) [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
電界(電場)の中に置かれた原子や分子のスペクトル線が、電界の作用によって分裂する現象。1913年ドイツの物理学者シュタルクによって発見された。分裂の大きさが電界の強さに比例する一次効果と、2乗に比例する二次効果がある。前者は、水素または水素類似原子(原子核のほかに1個だけ電子をもつ原子またはイオン。たとえばヘリウムイオンHe+)においてのみ現れるが、大きさは一般原子においてもみられる二次効果よりはるかに大きい。二次シュタルク効果の観測には、きわめて強い電界を必要とするので、真空放電の陰極電位降下現象を利用したロ・スルド法が用いられている。また、放電などによってつくられるプラズマ中に水素原子やヘリウムイオンが含まれていると、そのスペクトル線は周囲にあるイオンや電子の影響を受けて幅が広くなるので、プラズマ中のイオンや電子の密度の測定に用いられる。 [尾中龍猛] 『田幸敏治・大井みさほ著『レーザー入門』(1985・共立出版)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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