British physician. Discoverer of blood circulation. Born in Folkestone. Graduated from Gonville Keith College, Cambridge University in 1597, studied medicine at the University of Padua in Italy, receiving a degree in medicine and philosophy in 1602, and received another degree from Cambridge University after returning to the UK. While practicing in London, he also served as a lecturer at the Royal College of Physicians, and was employed as a physician at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in 1609. In 1615, he was appointed Lumley lecturer (equivalent to professor) at the Royal College of Physicians, and from 1616 he lectured and taught in surgery and anatomy. He performed anatomical and physiological research on the movement of the heart and the function of the valves by dissecting many cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals, and clarified the large and small circulations. In 1628 he published his masterpiece , Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus (Anatomical Studies on the Movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals) (a small 72-page quarto pamphlet) in Frankfurt am Main. Harvey's theory of blood circulation was flawless, based on experiments and calculations, but it still caused controversy. In particular, Jean Riolan Jr. (1580-1657), the rector of the University of Paris and an anatomist, was at the forefront of opposition. However, with the support of Descartes, Thomas Browne, Francis Glisson (1597-1677), Sylvius, and others, Harvey's theory completely overturned the previous Galenic theory and became the basis of modern physiology. He served as the physician to James I and Charles I, and gained the king's trust, living in Whitehall as the senior full-time physician, a position he held until the king's execution during the Puritan Revolution. In his later years, he devoted himself to the study of embryology, and in 1651 he published On the Development of Animals, in which he argued that "all animals develop from the egg." He suffered from gout, but died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1657 at the age of 80. [Akira Furukawa] "Blood Circulates: The Story of Harvey" by Goro Achiha (1976, Kokudosha) [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの医師。血液循環の発見者。フォルクストンに生まれる。1597年ケンブリッジ大学のゴンビル・キース・カレッジを卒業し、イタリアのパドバ大学に留学して医学を修め、1602年に医学と哲学の学位をとり、帰国後ケンブリッジ大学の学位も受けた。ロンドンで開業しながら、ロイヤル・カレッジ・オブ・フィジシャンの講師を兼ね、1609年に聖バルソロミュー病院の医員に採用された。1615年ロイヤル・カレッジ・オブ・フィジシャンのラムレー講師(教授相当)に任ぜられ、1616年から外科と解剖学の講義と実習を受け持った。多くの冷血動物や温血動物の生体解剖によって、心臓の動きや弁膜の機能の解剖生理学的研究を行い、大循環、小循環を明らかにした。1628年に名著『動物における心臓と血液の運動に関する解剖学的研究』Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus(四つ折判72ページの小冊子)を、フランクフルト・アム・マインで出版した。 ハーベーの血液循環説は実験と計数を基にした申し分ないものだったが、それでも賛否両論が巻き起こった。とくにパリ大学の学長で解剖学者のリオランJean Riolan Jr.(1580―1657)は反対の先鋒(せんぽう)にたった。しかし、デカルト、ブラウンThomas Browne、グリソンFrancis Glisson(1597―1677)、シルビウスらの賛成を得て、ハーベーの学説は従来のガレノスの説を完全に覆し、近代生理学の基盤となった。ジェームズ1世、チャールズ1世の侍医を務め、王の信頼を得て、上位常勤侍医として、ホワイトホールに住み、ピューリタン革命で王が処刑されるまで、その職にあった。晩年は胎生学の研究に没頭し、1651年『動物の発生について』を出版し、「すべての動物の発生は卵から」を主張した。痛風に悩んだが、1657年脳出血で80年の生涯を閉じた。 [古川 明] 『阿知波五郎著『血液は循環する――ハーベイ伝』(1976・国土社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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