Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

Italian poet and founder of Futurism. Born in Alexandria, Egypt. He received his baccalaureate in Paris and graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Genoa in Italy. He won a prize at the "Samdi Populaire" competition in Paris and wrote poetry in French. In 1905, he founded the poetry magazine "Poesia" in Milan and introduced "free verse." On February 20, 1912, he published the Futurist Manifesto in the Paris newspaper "Le Figaro" (the Italian version was published in Milan the next day), advocating the destruction of traditional values ​​and the aesthetics of speed. His novel "Mafalca the Futurist" (1910) is the story of a man who gives birth to a child without the intervention of a woman. This male-centered celebration of mechanics inevitably resonated with the aesthetics of fascism. In 1912, he broke away from traditional rhetoric and established the concept of "free language" in "Futurist Literary and Technical Manifesto." His collusion with fascism and glorification of war robbed him of the autonomy of expression, but in recent years there has been renewed interest in his thought and literature as a pioneer of the European avant-garde movement and as a testimony to the times.

[Noriko Mochizuki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリアの詩人。未来派の創始者。エジプトのアレクサンドリアに生まれる。パリでバカロレア（大学入学資格）をとり、イタリアのジェノバ大学法学部卒業。パリの「サムディ・ポピュレール」コンクールに入賞、フランス語で詩作した。1905年ミラノで詩誌『ポエジーア』を創刊、「自由詩」を導入。9年2月20日パリの『フィガロ』紙上に未来派宣言を発表（イタリア語版は翌日ミラノで発表）、伝統的価値の粉砕、スピードの美学を提唱した。小説『未来主義者マファルカ』（1910）は女の性を介さずに子供を生む男の物語である。この男性中心の力学賛美は、必然的にファシズムの美学と同調した。12年『未来派文学技術宣言』で旧来の修辞学と訣別(けつべつ)、「自由語」の概念を打ち立てた。ファシズムとの結託、戦争礼賛は表現の自律性を奪ったが、ヨーロッパ前衛運動の先駆者としての彼の思想および文学に、近年、時代の証言としての新たな関心が向けられている。

［望月紀子］

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