Jarghuchi - Jarghuchi (English spelling)

A nomadic official position established during the Mongol rule in the 13th and 14th centuries, it means a legal official in Mongolian Turkic. It is a form of the word meaning trial, lawsuit, or courtroom with the suffix -chi, which means person. As translated as "judgment official" in Chinese documents, they were involved not only in criminal and judicial affairs, but also in a wide range of civil, security, and administrative decisions. Especially before the Yuan dynasty, when the military was the main focus and there was little interest in governing the occupied territories, they were in addition to their original duties of targeting nomads, and also constituted a de facto governing body for the territories. For example, in the case of the Yenching Ministry (also called the Yenching Post Office or the Zhongdu Post Office), which was under the jurisdiction of North China, it was a deliberative body between the Jarguchis dispatched from the central government and local Han warlords. During the Yuan Dynasty, various government offices were established to handle Chinese people, and they specialized in handling lawsuits and settlements for Mongolian royalty and aristocrats. The government office that brought them together, called the Dazong Zhengfu in Chinese, took on the character of a consultation and mediation body for representatives of the interests of each tribal group. In addition, judges were assigned to each government office.

[Masaaki Sugiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

13、14世紀のモンゴル支配時代に設置された遊牧的官職で、モンゴル・チュルク語で法務関係者をいう。裁判、訴訟、法廷を意味する語に人を表す接尾辞-chiがついた形。中国文献では「断事官」と訳されたように、刑事・裁判事務にとどまらず、広く民事、治安、行政などの決裁にも携わった。とくに軍事中心で占領地の統治に関心の薄かった元(げん)朝以前では、遊牧民を対象とする本来的な業務のほか、実質上の属領統治機関をも構成した。たとえば華北管轄の燕京行省(えんけいこうしょう)（燕京行台、中都行台ともいう）の場合、中央派遣のジャルグチたちと現地の漢人軍閥らの合議機関であった。元代では中国人を対象とする諸官庁が新設されたので、モンゴル王族・貴族の訴訟・決裁を専門的に扱うことになり、彼らを一括した大宗正府という漢称の官庁は各部族集団からの利益代表による協議調停機関の性格を帯びた。また各官庁付きの断事官も配属された。

［杉山正明］

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