French neurologist. Born in Paris, he graduated from the University of Paris in 1853. He worked in a hospital and became professor of pathological anatomy at the Paris Medical School in 1872. In 1882, he became professor of neurology at the Salpêtrière Hospital, which was newly established for Charcot. He published many research papers, but his most famous is Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System at the Salpêtrière, published in 1872. In it, he clarified the pathological features of tabes dorsalis, described its electric shock pain and joint pain, differentiated between tabes dorsalis progressive muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and distinguished between tremulous paralysis and multiple sclerosis. He also conducted important research on hysteria, and published valuable papers on diseases of the liver, kidneys, and bile ducts. The explorer Jean Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot (1867-1936) was his son, and in 1910 he discovered an island west of the Antarctic Peninsula, which he named Charcot Island after his father. [Otori Ranzaburo] [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの神経病学者。パリに生まれ、1853年パリ大学卒業。その後、病院に勤務し、1872年パリ医科大学病理解剖学教授となる。1882年シャルコーのために新設されたサルペトリエール病院の神経病科教授となった。多くの研究論文を発表したが、1872年刊行の『サルペトリエール神経系統疾患講義集』がもっとも有名で、そのなかで、脊髄癆(せきずいろう)の病変像を明らかにし、その電撃性疼痛(とうつう)や関節痛を記載したり、脊髄癆性進行性筋萎縮(いしゅく)と筋萎縮性側索硬化症を鑑別し、振戦麻痺(しんせんまひ)と多発性硬化症とを区別した。また、ヒステリーについても重要な研究を行い、さらに、肝臓、腎臓(じんぞう)、胆管の疾患についても貴重な論文を発表した。なお、探検家シャルコーJean Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot(1867―1936)は彼の息子で、1910年南極半島西方に発見した島を、父にちなんでシャルコー島と命名した。 [大鳥蘭三郎] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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