Mashhad - Mashhad (English spelling)

Japanese: マシュハド - ましゅはど(英語表記)Mashhad
Mashhad - Mashhad (English spelling)

It is the capital of Khorasan Province in northeastern Iran. It is located at an altitude of 985 meters. Foreigners call it Meshed. It has a population of 1,887,405 (1996) and 3,001,184 (2016 census), making it the second largest city in the country after the capital, Tehran. It is the center of a fertile agricultural region, and is home to industries such as cotton spinning, carpets, and food processing, and is the starting point of the railway to Tehran. The mausoleum of the 8th Shiite Imam Reza, who was poisoned here in 818, was built here, making it a pilgrimage site for Shiites. The name of the city means "land of martyrdom (of the Imam)." There are many seminaries and mosques, and it is a center of theology along with Qom. Once a small village, it developed under the Timurid and Safavid dynasties, and became the de facto capital during the reign of Nadir Shah, the first emperor of the Afsharid dynasty (reigned 1736-47). There are many historical buildings.

[Masataka Okazaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イラン北東部、ホラサーン州の州都。標高985メートルに位置する。外国人はメシェッドMeshedともよぶ。人口188万7405(1996)、300万1184(2016センサス)、首都テヘランに次ぐ同国第二の都市である。肥沃(ひよく)な農業地域の中心地で、綿紡績、じゅうたん、食品加工などの工業が立地し、テヘランへ向かう鉄道の始発点である。818年にこの地で毒殺されたシーア派第8代イマーム・レザーの廟(びょう)がつくられ、シーア派教徒の巡礼地となった。地名は「(イマームの)殉教の地」を意味する。多くの神学校やモスクがあり、コムとともに神学の中心地である。かつては小村にすぎなかったが、ティームール朝、サファビー朝下で発展し、アフシャール朝の初代皇帝ナーディル・シャー(在位1736~47)のときには事実上の首都となった。多数の歴史的建造物がある。

[岡﨑正孝]

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