Craftsmen's Guild - Shokuninkumiai

Japanese: 職人組合 - しょくにんくみあい

A guild formed by handicraft craftsmen in Europe. In medieval cities, handicraft guilds (known as zunfts) were divided into three categories: master, journeyman, and apprentice. However, by the beginning of the 14th century, the number of craftsmen who had the same technical ability as a master but could not become a master due to the small number of master shares had increased significantly. These craftsmen were single and lived in the master's house, and therefore did not have citizenship rights, and many of them were dissatisfied with their masters in terms of wages, food, and other issues.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ヨーロッパにおいて手工業の職人Geselleが結成した組合。中世の都市内に成立した手工業職人Handwerkerのギルド(手工業ギルドはとくにツンフトと呼ばれる)においては，親方，職人，徒弟の3区分ができあがっていたが，14世紀初めには技術面では親方と同じ能力をもちながら親方株が少なかったために身分上は親方になれない職人段階の者の数が著しくふえていた。これらの職人は独身で親方の家に同居しており，したがって市民権もなく賃金や食事その他の点で親方に対して不満をもつ者が多かった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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