A mechanical device that lifts heavy objects vertically upward. It uses gears, screws, hydraulics, etc. and is mainly operated by human power. There are various types depending on the purpose of use. (1) Screw jack: A female thread is cut into the body of the jack, a male threaded screw rod is inserted into it, and this is rotated to raise and lower a heavy object by the up and down movement of the screw rod. There are also types in which a female threaded ram (plunger-shaped cylinder) is inserted into the body of the jack, a screw rod is engaged with this, and a bevel gear is used to rotate the screw rod and raise and lower the ram. The lifting height is about 10 to 30 centimeters, and it can lift objects up to about 20 tons. (2) Rack jack: A jack made up of several gears, with a rack (a rod with teeth) meshing with the last gear. The gears rotate to raise and lower the rack to lift heavy objects. It is used for assembling and installing machines. It has a lifting height of about 30 centimeters and can lift objects up to about 20 tons. (3) Hydraulic jack: A hydraulic jack uses a pump to send pressurized oil into a cylinder to raise and lower a ram, and is used to move relatively heavy objects. The lifting height is small. [Hidetaro Nakayama] ©Shogakukan "> Main types and structures of jacks Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
重いものを垂直上方に持ち上げる機械装置。歯車、ねじ、油圧などを利用し、主として人力によって動かす。使用目的によっていろいろな形のものがある。 (1)ねじジャッキ ジャッキの本体に雌(め)ねじを切り、これに雄(お)ねじを切ったねじ棒を差し込み、これを回転し、ねじ棒の上下運動により重量物を上げ下げする。また、ジャッキ本体に雌ねじを切ったラム(プランジャー状の円筒)を入れ、これにねじ棒をかみ合わせ、傘(かさ)歯車を使ってこのねじ棒を回転しラムを上下させるものがある。揚程(ようてい)は10~30センチメートル程度で、20トンくらいのものまで持ち上げられる。 (2)ラックジャッキ いくつかの歯車を組み合わせ、最後の歯車にラック(棒に歯を刻んだもの)がかみ合っているものをいう。歯車を回転しラックを上下させて重量物を持ち上げる。機械の組立て、据え付けなどに用いられる。揚程30センチメートル程度、20トンくらいまでのものを持ち上げることができる。 (3)油圧ジャッキ ポンプにより圧力油をシリンダー内に送り込みラムを上下させるもので、比較的重いものを動かすのに用いられる。揚程は小さい。 [中山秀太郎] ©Shogakukan"> ジャッキのおもな種類と構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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